Index

A

Abdominal compartment pressure, 69, 81 Abdominal hypertension, 6

ACTH, 77, 83, 84 Acute burn care, 57–64 Acute period care

burn dressings, 134 burn wound care, 134 pain management, 134 surgical care, 134

Adrenal hormone, 83–84 Aetiology, 112–116 Albumin infusion, 70 Allogeneic skin, 59, 64 Allograft, 35–37, 59–61 Anabolic agents, 102 Antibiotics, 44, 45, 48, 51 Antifungals, 45 Antioxidants, 6–7, 82 Autograft, 35, 37, 38

B

Bacteria flora, 44

gram negative, 44 gram positive, 44 multi-drug resistant, 44

Bacterial colonization, 43, 45 Bacterial levels, 43

Base deficit, 5

Blood pressure, 68–69, 71, 76 Bloodstream infection, 50 Bone demineralization, 86 Bronchoscopy, 68, 74

Burn

etiology, 15 first degree, 14

fourth degree, 15 second degree, 14 shock, 5, 7, 116, 117

size determination, 16–17 third degree, 4

Burn depth definition, 14 first degree, 3 second degree, 3 third degree, 3

Burn eschar, 45 excision, 45

Burn size Lund-Browder, 3, 17 Burn wound

conversion, 47 management, 7–10 pathophysiology, 16

C

Calcium, 85–86

Cardiac burn induced changes, 19 Cardiac long-term, 79

Cardiac output/index, 19 Catheter colonization, 50 Central line infection (CLI), 49 Central nervous system, 78

Central venous pressure (CVP), 68, 71, 76 Chemical burns

acid, 154 alkali, 154

inorganic solutions, 154 management, 154 organic solutions, 154

Chloride, 74, 85 Classification, 112, 114

CLI. See Central line infection (CLI) CO, 71, 73, 75

Coagulation, 86–87 Cold injury

first degree, 154 fourth degree, 154 second degree, 154 third degree, 154

Colloids, 5–7

Compartment syndrome, 2, 6, 57 Compression therapy, 161 Current, 151, 152

CVP. See Central venous pressure (CVP) Cyanide (CN), 73

Cytokine, 32, 36, 38

D

Decompressive laparotomy, 6 Depth, 113–115, 118, 127, 130, 140

zones of injury, 116 Dermal replacement, 61–62 Dobutamin, 69

Donor sites, 130, 134, 137, 138, 140–142, 144

E

Early excision, 99, 104 Ebb-phase, 92

Edema, burn induced, 17, 18 Electrical injury

arc, 151 contact, 151 flash, 151

management, 152–153 Electro-conformation, 151 Electrolyte disorders, 84 Electroporation, 151 Emergent period care

admission care, 127

airway management, 124, 126 first aid at the scene, 126 fluid resuscitation, 128 wound care, 124

Empiric therapy early phase, 46 late phase, 46

Endotracheal tube, 48 Endpoints, 5–6 Environmental support, 99 Epidermal replacements, 64

Epinephrine/norepinephrine, 69, 71, 83

Ergotherapy, 64

Escharotomy, 2, 6, 9–10, 57–58 Exercise, 99–100

Extent

Lund and Browder, 112 pediatric estimation, 116 rule of nines, 112

Extracellular matrix (ECM), 32, 33, 36, 38 Extubation criteria, 73

F

Facial burn, 61 Fasciotomy, 57–58 Fat metabolism, 94 Fenofibrate, 104, 105 Flow phase, 93 Fluid creep, 6, 69, 78

Fluid loss wounds, 13

Fluid maintenance after 48 hours post-burn, 70 Fluid resuscitation, 4–7, 69, 75, 77,

78, 81–84 Frostbite, 151–155

treatment, 155

G

Gastrointestinal burn induced changes, 23 GI complications, 81–82

GLP-1, 104

Glucose metabolism, 21, 26, 93, 94, 102, 104 Glutamine, 96, 98

Gonadal hormones, 83–84 Growth hormone, 100, 105

H

Hand burn, 62 Heart, 102

Hemodynamic burned induced changes, 19–20

Hyperglycemia, 93–95, 98, 100, 103, 104, 160 Hypermetabolic response, 160 Hypermetabolism, 21, 26

post-burn, 92–93 Hypertonic saline, 6–7

I

ICU-weakness, 78

Immune burn induced responses, 25 Incidence, 111–112, 146

Infections bacterial, 43, 45 fungal, 44–47 invasive, 43, 44

systemic, 43, 44, 46, 47 virus, 44

wound, 43–48 yeast, 44, 47

Inhalation injury, 67–87 diagnostics, 73 grading, 74 management, 75

Initial assessment, 1–4 Initiation of nutrition, 95–97

Risk factors, 48, 49, 112–116

Room temperature, 99

Rule of 9’s, 2

S

Sandwich technique, 59, 60 Scar

hypertrophic scar, 32–34 keloid, 33

Secondary survey, 1, 2, 123, 125 Sepsis

APC, 52

bicarbonate therapy, 53 definition, 46 diagnosis, 51

fluid therapy, 52 glucose control, 53 inotropes, 52 resuscitation, 51 sedation, 52 shock, 50–52 source, 51 steroids, 52

stress ulcer prophylaxis, 53 vasopressor, 52 ventilation, 52

Sequelae abdominal, 152

cardiovascular, 152 musculoskeletal, 153 neurologic, 152 psychological, 153 renal, 153 respiratory, 152

Severity factors, 112–115 Skin, 31, 33–39

grafts, 114, 116, 124, 130, 134, 138, 140–143 substitutes, 134, 138, 142

temperature, 14 Sodium, 84, 85 Stem cells, 39

T

TBSA, 2, 3, 5, 6

Techniques to determine burn depth, 4 TGF-b. See Transforming growth factor beta

(TGF-b) Therapy

local, 45 systemic, 45

Thermal regulation, 79 Thyroid hormones, 84 Topical agents, 44, 45

Acticoat, 9 Aquacel Ag, 9 Bacitracin, 9 Biobrane, 9 Mafenide acetate, 9 Mupirocin, 9 Polymyxin B, 9

Silver sulfadiazine, 9

Topical antimicrobial agents, 130, 132 Topical dressings, 8–9

Topical negative pressure, 64 Trace elements, 98, 101 Transforming growth factor beta

(TGF-b), 32, 33 Transfusion, 69, 71, 85 Treatment VAP, 80 Types of burns

chemical, 118 electrical, 118–120

inhalation injury, 120, 121 radiation, 120 thermal/flame/scald, 118

U

Under-and over-resuscitation signs, 70 Urinary output, 69, 71

V

VAP. See Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP)

Vasopressors, 69, 71

Ventilation mode and setting, 68, 72–73

Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), 48, 80

prevention, 48 Vitamin C, 7 Vitamins, 98, 101 Voltage

high, 151, 152 low, 151, 152

X

Xenografts, 61, 64