І курс II семестр контрольна робота №5

1. Поставте запитання до підкреслених слів:

1. I was born in the East, but now live in San Francisco.

2. You will be paid in Ukrainian grivnas.

3. The delegate went to his place.

4. He made a very positive contribution to the overall success of the project.

5. They have successfully combined the old with the new in this room.

6. The city is characterized by tall modern buildings in steel and glass.

2. Перекладіть речення українською мовою. Випишіть із кожного з них модальні дієслова і поставте їх в Present, Past та Future:

1. You can take the car, if you want.

2. Our aim is to accomplish this task as soon as possible.

3. He had to work hard to complete the work in time.

4. I must go to the bank and get some money.

5. You may use my book.

6. People should take better care of the environment.

3. Випишіть і перекладіть речення, в яких дієслово вжито в пасивному стані:

1. Radio is a special kind of long-distance electrical communication.

2. Electric oscillations are produced in the antenna of the transmitter.

3. The Sun is the most important of all heavenly bodies of our Solar system.

4. The construction of this generator was paid great attention to.

4. Поставте прикметники та прислівники у відповідному ступені порівняння. Перекладіть речення:

1. This is the (large) laboratory in our Institute.

2. I’ll give you the (interesting) book you have ever read.

3. They play chess (badly) of all.

4. They went to the institute (early) than their teacher.

5. The student knows this law (well).

5. Заповніть пропуски прийменниками, де це необхідно (above, at, in, on, with):

1. … night you can see the stars.

2. He is … politics.

3. There is a mark … your skirt.

4. I had an argument … my boss.

5. Inflation in that country was … 6 %.

6. Замініть виділені слова на особові займенники в називному та об’єктному відмінку:

1. My umbrella is in the corner.

2. I have never seen the student before.

3. My flat is on the second floor.

4. The professor gave me a very interesting book to read.

5. You must go to see Helen.

7. Заповніть пропуски займенниками “some”, “any” та перекладіть ці речення:

1. … of the first-year students are taking the examination tomorrow.

2. He has … nice pictures on the walls.

3. Will you buy … stamps for me, please?

4. Did you sell … computers?

GRAVITATION

Gravitation is a very important force in the universe. Every object has a gravitational pull which is like magnet­ism. But, unlike magnetism, gravitation is not only in iron and steel. It is in every object large or small; but large objects, such as earth, have a stronger pull than small ones.

Isaac Newton, the great scientist of the seventeenth century, first studied gravitation. When he was a boy, he often saw how apples fell to the ground. He wondered why they fell towards the earth and why they did not fly up into the sky.

According to the law which he later produced everything in the universe attracts everything else towards itself. The sun attracts the earth and the earth attracts the sun. The earth attracts the moon and the moon attracts the sun. Although the bigger object has the stronger attraction, all objects, in fact, have some attraction too but we do not notice the gravitational pull of a book be­cause the pull of the earth is very much greater. Why does the earth always move round the sun, and not fly off into cold space? The sun's gravitation gives the answer. The earth always tries to move away in a straight line but the sun always pulls it back. So it con­tinues on its journey round and round the sun.

The sun is one of the stars in the galaxy, in which there are about 100,000 million stars. It is not in the middle of the galaxy, but rather near one edge.

There are millions of galaxies in the universe and so there are thousands of millions of millions of suns. Many astronomers believe that some of these suns have planets as our sun does.

Gravitation is the force which holds all the atoms of a star together, it holds the sun together and it holds the atoms of the earth together. It holds us on the earth.

Einstein produced a new law of gravitation. Its main results are the same as the results of Newton's law; but in very small and fine matters Einstein's law gives differ­ent results. One of these is that gravitation bends light a little; but according to Newton's law gravitation has very little effect on light. Einstein showed this fact by means of mathematics and not by experiment. And astronomers later proved by experiments that Einstein was right.

1. Прочитайте текст. Перепишіть і письмово перекладіть 3-5 абзаци тексту.

2. Дайте відповіді на запитання:

1. Who studied gravitation first?

2. What is gravitation according to the law Isaac Newton produced?

3. Why is the sun’s gravitation important for the earth?

4. How many stars are in the galaxy?

5. Who produced a new law of gravitation?

3. Заповніть пропуски словами з тексту: sun, galaxy, believe, universe.

1. Gravitation is a very important force in the ….

2. The sun is one of the stars in the …, in which there are about 100,000 million stars.

3. Many astronomers … that some of these suns have planets as our … does.

4. Утворіть похідні слова: effect, science, to produce, to continue, to fly.

Наприклад: science – scientist - scientific

5. Перекладіть англійською мовою слова: рухатися, сила, утримувати, закон, прямий, світло, предмет.

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