Programming languages

Computers can deal with different kinds of problems but they must be given the right instructions. Instructions are written in one of the high- level languages, for example, FORTRAN, COBOL, ALGOL, PASCAL, BASIC, or C. But a program written in one of these languages should be interpreted into machine code. Usually when one instruction written in a high- level language is transformed into machine code, it results in several instructions. A brief description of some high- level languages is given below.

FORTRAN is acronym FORmula TRANslation. This language is used for solving scientific and mathematical problems it consists of algebraic formulae and English phrases.

COBOL is acronym for COmmon Business - Oriented Languages. This language is used for commercial purposes. COBOL deals with the problems that don't involve a lot of mathematical calculations.

ALGOL is acronym for ALGOrithmic Language. It is used for mathematical and scientific purposes.

BASIC is acronym for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instructions Code. It is used by students who require a simple language to begin programming.

C is developed to support the UNIX operating system. C is a general -purpose language.

When a program is designed to do a specific type of work it is called an application program.

Exercise 2. Оң бағанадан ағылшын сөздері мен сөз тіркестерінің дұрыс баламаларын табыңыз.

1. high- level language- a. язык общего назначения

2. to solve scientific problems- b. для научных целей

3. consists of- c. иметь дело

4. is used- d. требовать

5. to deals (with)- e. состоять из

6. algebraic formulae- f. язык высокого уровня

7. general-purpose language- g. простой язык

8. simple language- h. решать научные проблемы

9. to require- i. используется

10. for scientific purposes- j. языки программирования

11. application program- k. алгебраические формулы

12. programming languages- l. прикладная программа

Exercise 3. Дұрыс нұсқаны тауып, сөйлемді аяқтаңыз.

1. FORTRAN is a high- level language which is used for

a) supporting the UNIX operating system.

b) commercial purposes.

c) solving scientific and mathematical problems.

2. ALGOL is a high- level language which is intended to ....

a) solve mathematical and scientific purposes.

b) be used for commercial purposes.

c) be used by students who require a simple language to begin programming.

3. COBOL is a high- level language which is designed ....

a) to solve mathematical and scientific problems.

b) be used for commercial purposes.

c) to support the UNIX operating system.

4. BASIC is a high- level language which is used ....

a) used for solving mathematical problems.

b) for commercial purposes.

c) by students who require a simple language to begin programming.

5. C is a high- level language which is developed ....

a) to deal with mathematical problems.

b) for commercial purposes.

c) to support the UNIX operating system.

Exercise 4. Берілген сөйлемнің қайсысы дұрыс?

1. Computers can deal with different kinds of problems.

2. Instructions are written in one of the low-level languages.

3. FORTRAN is used to support the UNIX operating system.

4. FORTRAN consists of algebraic formulae and English phrases.

5. COBOL deals with the problems that involve a lot of mathematical calculations.

6. ALGOL is used for commercial purposes.

7. BASIC is used by students who require a simple language to begin programming.

8. BASIC is a general -purpose language.

9. When a program is designed to do a specific type of work it is called an application program.

Exercise 5. Сұрақтарға жауап беріңіз.

1. What can computers deal with?

2. What kind of high-level programming languages do you know?

3. What is FORTRAN?

4. What language is used for solving scientific and mathematical problems?

5. What does COBOL deal with?

6. What language is used for commercial purposes?

7. What language is used by students who require a simple language to begin programming?

8. What is C?

Exercise 6. Сұраулы және болымсыз сөйлемдер құрастырыңыз.

Computers can deal with different kinds of problems. FORTRAN is acronym FORmula TRANslation. It consists of algebraic formulae and English phrases. This language is used for commercial purposes. COBOL deals with the problems that don't involve a lot of mathematical calculations. Students require a simple language to begin programming.

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$$$003-009-000$3.3.9 Four main classes of computers

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$$$003-009-001$3.3.9.1 Практикалық сабаққа арналған оқу-әдістемелік нұсқаулар №9

Сабақтың мақсаты: 1. Мамандыққа байланысты сөздік қорын молайту үшін жаңа лексиканы енгізу және бекіту.

2. Шет тілінде сөйлеу және арнайы мәтіндерді оқу, түсіну, аудару дағдыларын қалыптастыру.

Әдістемелік нұсқау:

Мәтінді аудару үшін мәтінді оқып алып, таныс емес сөздерді теріп жазып, сөздікпен аударыңыз. Жаңа сөздерді бекіту мақсатында берілген жаттығуларды орындаңыз.

Exercise 1. Мәтінді оқып, аударыңыз.