What can robots do?

The word "robot" was first used by Czech playwright Karel Capek, who in 1920 wrote a drama about machines that could move like human beings — and do their work. Today this idea has become a reality. Industrial robots now being manufactured perform certain tasks even better than a human being. We are thus at the threshold of the era of robots — what might be called a "robolution".

An industrial robot is a unit which has movement functions with a high degree of freedom similar to human arms and hands and is able to move autonomously on the basis of sense and perceptions.

There are six categories of robots: (1) the manual manipulator, remotely controlled by a person, which carries out hand-and-arm functions to hold and move objects; (2) the fixed-sequence robot, which performs a series of operations in a preset order, always in the same series of locations in space; (3) the variable-sequence robot, which operates in the same manner as a fixed-sequence robot but can easily be reprogrammed for a different sequence of operations; (4) the playback robot, which repeats a sequence of movements and operations that are first "taught" by manual movement of a mani­pulator and stored in the robot's memory unit; (5) the numerically- controlled robot, which moves from one position to another according to numerical instructions in such forms as punched paper tapes or cards; and (6) the intelligent robot, an advanced type that can decide its course of action on the basis of its sensing devices and analytical capability.

Today robots play a major role in welding, press-forming, coating and other operations, particularly in the automotive industry.

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$$$003-015-002$3.3.15.2 №4 модуль бойынша сабақтан алған білімді тексеру тапсырмалары.

Мәтінді оқып, аударыңыз.

Hardware.

Hardware is the mechanical magnetic, electronic and electrical devices composing a computer system.

Computer hardware can be divided into four categories:

1. input hardware

2. processing hardware

3. storage hardware

4. output hardware

Input hardware.

The purpose of the input hardware is to collect data and convert it into a form suitable for computer processing. The most common input device is a keyboard. It looks very much like a typewriter. The mouse is a hand held device connected to the computer by small cable. As the mouse is rolled across the mouse pad, the cursor moves across the screen. When the cursor reaches the desired location, the user usually pushes a button on the mouse once or twice to command to the computer.

Processing hardware.

The purpose of processing hardware is retrieve, interpret and direct the execution of software instructions provided to the computer. The most common components of processing hardware are the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and main memory.

The CPU is the brain of the computer. It reads and interprets software instructions and coordinates the processing activities. The design of the CPU affects the processing power and the speed of the computer, as well as the amount of main memory it can use effectively. With a well- designed CPU you can perform highly sophisticated tasks in a very short time.

Exercise 1. Сұрақтарға жауап беріңіз.

1. What is hardware?

2. How many categories is computer hardware divided into?

3. What is the purpose of the input hardware?

4. What is the most common input device?

5 . What is the purpose of processing hardware?

6. What does the CPU do?

7. What tasks can you perform with a well- designed CPU?

Exercise 2. Сөздермен сөз тіркестерінің аудармасын табыңыз.

1. input hardware- a) управлять

2. amount- b) устройство обработки данных

3. to execute- c) устройство хранения данных

4. output hardware- d) влиять

5. to retrieve- e) цель

6. to interpret- f) клавиатура

7. to provide- g) достигать

8. to reach- h) извлекать

9. the purpose- i) переводить

10. storage hardware- j) устройство ввода данных

11. to direct- k) выполнять

12. processing hardware- l) количество

13. keyboard- m) сложный

14. sophisticate- n) обеспечивать

15.to affect- o) выходные устройства

отображения информации

Упражнение 3. Сөйлемдерді аяқтаңыз.

1 . The purpose of the input hardware is ... it into a form suitable for computer processing.

2. Keyboard looks very much like a ....

3. ... is a hand held device connected to the computer by small cable.

4. When the cursor reaches the desired location, the user usually ... on the mouse once or twice to command to the computer.

5. The purpose of processing hardware is ... the execution of software instructions provided to the computer.

6. The most common components of processing hardware are ....

7. The CPU is ... of the computer.

8. The CPU ... software instructions and coordinates the processing activities.

9. ... you can perform highly sophisticated tasks in a very short time.

Exercise 4. Мәтінді сөздіксіз аударыңыз.

Memory

Memory is the system of component of the computer in which information is stored. There are two types of computer memory: RAM and ROM.

RAM (random access memory) is the volatile computer memory, used for creating loading and running programs and for manipulating and temporarily storing data;

ROM (read only memory) is nonvolatile, no modifiable computer memory, used to hold programmed instructions to the system.

The more memory you have in computer, the more operations you can perform.

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$$$007-000-000$3.7 Білімді бақылау бөлімі

Білімді бақылау үшін берілген тесттерді орындау қажет.

Бірінші межелік бақылау тестілері

Екінші межелік бақылау тестілері

Емтихан

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$$$007-001-000$3.7.1 Бірінші межелік бақылау тестілері

$$$ 1

… is a part of an applied mathematics.

A) Computer science

B) Knowledge

C) Complex devices

D) Logical operations

E) Productivity

$$$ 2

Specialists in computer science say that this field of … is very interesting because it deals with computer-aided-manufacturing (CAM) and computer-aided-design (CAD).

A) complex devices

B) logical operations

C) to shorten the time

D) knowledge

E) solve

$$$ 3

Computers are intended to improve the … of labor of scientists, designers, managers and other specialists

A) programming languages

B) productivity

C) logical operations

D) to offer

E) knowledge

$$$ 4

One of the main goals of using CAD/CAM is … … between designing and manufacturing.

A) to improve

B) knowledge

C) to offer

D) programming languages

E) to shorten the time

$$$ 5

Computer … quick and optimal solutions.

A) productivity

B) complex devices

C) to improve

D) logical operations

E) offer

$$$ 6

We can … our everyday problems with their help.

A) complex devices

B) solve

C) productivity

D) offer

E) to shorten the time

$$$ 7

Simple computers such as calculators … … addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

A) offer

B) logical operations

C) to improve

D) knowledge

E) can perform

$$$ 8

Computers can be divided into simple and … … .

A) complex devices

B) can perform

C) productivity

D) inexpensive programs

E) programming languages

$$$ 9

Thus in order to elaborate up-to-date and inexpensive programs as well as to … them from viruses, it is important to know some programming languages.

A) logical operations

B) shorten the time

C) improve

D) complex devices

E) defend

$$$ 10

As far as complex computers are concerned they can do different … … and some of them even have artificial intelligence.

A) inexpensive programs

B) can perform

C) knowledge

D) logical operations

E) complex devices

$$$ 11

The term computer is used to describe ... made up of a combination of electronic and electromechanical components.

A) a device

B) digital form

C) software

D) people

E) mathematical and logical operations

$$$ 12

When one computer system is set up ... with another computer system, connectivity becomes the sixth element.

A) to perform

B) to communicate

C) to create

D) software

E) mathematical and logical operations

$$$ 13

... is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task.

A) software

B) people

C) a device

D) mathematical and logical operations

E) to communicate

$$$ 14

... create the computer software instructions and respond to the procedures that those instructions present.

A) software

B) digital form

C) a device

D) mathematical and logical operations

E) people

$$$ 15

Computer is also used to store information in the ....

A) mathematical and logical operations

B) digital form

C) software

D) to communicate

E) to perform

$$$ 16

Computers accept information in the form of characters called data to perform … .

A) software

B) digital form

C) people

D) mathematical and logical operations

E) a device

$$$ 17

Computer can perform many functions: they can do … … .

A) complex devices

B) shorten the time

C) mathematical and logical operations

D) digital form

E) to communicate

$$$ 18

Mathematical operations include arithmetic and algebraic operations: such as addition, subtraction, … … , rising to a power, differentiating and integrating

A) shorten the time

B) inexpensive programs

C) digital form

D) multiplication and division

E) complex devices

$$$ 19

Logical operations … comparing, selecting, sorting and matching.

A) include

B) mathematical and logical operations

C) communicate

D) shorten the time

E) complex devices

$$$ 20

Computers are … four main classes: microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes and supercomputers.

A) shorten the time

B) multiplication and division

C) digital form

D) to communicate

E) divided into

$$$ 21

A microcomputer is a computer manufactured on a single printed board which (қамтиды) one or more chips.

A) divided into

B) contains

C) obtain

D) execute

E) shorten the time

$$$ 22

A microprocessor is a very small device used in microcomputers, which deals with memories by … and writing process.

A) execute

B) reading

C) contains

D) doing

E) waiting

$$$ 23

… is a device for storing digital information.

A) Computer science

B) Knowledge

C) Complex devices

D) Logical operations

E) Memory

$$$ 24

Memory should be small … and large in capacity.

A) in size

B) mathematical and logical operations

C) power

D) by reading

E) time

$$$ 25

Memory should take little power and work at the same (жылдамдық) as computer logic.

A) execute

B) in size

C) power

D) speed

E) by reading

$$$ 26

The term computer is used to describe a device made up of … .

A) doesn't come to life until it is connected to other parts of a system.

B) a combination of electronic and electromechanical (part electronic and part mechanical) components

C) is organized, processed and useful for decision making.

D) software instructions and respond to the procedures that those instructions present.

E) instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task.

$$$ 27

Com­puter has no intelligence by itself and is referred to as ….

A) program

B) information

C) software

D) processing of information

E) hardware

$$$ 28

A computer system is a combination of five elements:

A) program, information, processing of information, software, connectivity

B) software, connectivity, computer, people, procedures

C) hardware, software, people, procedures, data/information

D) hardware, software, people, connectivity, computer

E) program, information, software, people, connectivity

$$$ 29

When one computer system is set up to communicate with another computer system, … becomes the sixth system element.

A) information

B) procedures

C) computer

D) connectivity

E) people

$$$ 30

Com­puter has no … by itself and is referred to as hardware.

A) intelligence

B) information

C) software

D) processing of information

E) hardware

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$$$007-001-001$3.7.2 Екінші межелік бақылау тестілері

$$$ 1

… is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task.

A) People

B) Information

C) Software

D) Processing of information

E) Hardware

$$$ 2

Software is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the hardware how … .

A) to perform a task

B) to communicate with another computer system

C) to come to life

D) to connect

E) to refer to as

$$$ 3

Without software instructions, the hardware doesn't know what … .

A) to respond

B) to refine

C) to come to life

D) to connect

E) to do

$$$ 4

… are the most important compo­nent of the computer system.

A) People

B) Information

C) Software

D) Processing of information

E) Hardware

$$$ 5

… create the computer software instructions and respond to the procedures that those instructions present.

A) Procedures

B) Information

C) Software

D) People

E) Hardware

$$$ 6

The basic job of the computer is … .

A) the most important compo­nent

B) decision

C) hardware and software

D) the processing of in­formation

E) software instructions

$$$ 7

Computers accept information in the form of … called a program.

A) decision

B) procedures

C) computer

D) connectivity

E) instruction

$$$ 8

Computers accept information in the form of characters called data to perform … operations, and then give the results.

A) mathematical and logical

B) processing of information

C) hardware and software

D) the processing of in­formation

E) software instructions

$$$ 9

The data is … material while informa­tion is organized, processed, refined and useful for deci­sion making.

A) software

B) digital

C) processed

D) raw

E) useful

$$$ 10

The data is raw material while … is organized, processed, refined and useful for deci­sion making.

A) software

B) digital

C) informa­tion

D) raw

E) useful

$$$ 11

Computer is used to convert data into … .

A) software

B) digital

C) informa­tion

D) raw

E) useful

$$$ 12

Choose the right equivalent for «устройство» / «құрылғы»

A) decision

B) informa­tion

C) instruction

D) intelligence

E) device

$$$ 13

Choose the right equivalent for «решение» / «шешім»

A) decision

B) hardware

C) instruction

D) intelligence

E) device

$$$ 14

Choose the right equivalent for «разум» / «ақыл, ес»

A) decision

B) hardware

C) instruction

D) intelligence

E) device

$$$ 15

Choose the right equivalent for «цифровой» / «сандық»

сандық

A) software

B) digital

C) informa­tion

D) raw

E) useful

$$$ 16

Choose the right equivalent for «полезный» / «пайдалы»

A) software

B) digital

C) informa­tion

D) raw

E) useful

$$$ 17

Choose the right equivalent for «сырой» / «өңделмеген, шикі»

A) software

B) digital

C) informa­tion

D) raw

E) useful

$$$ 18

Choose the right equivalent for «информация » / «ақпарат»

A) software

B) digital

C) informa­tion

D) raw

E) useful

$$$ 19

What does the term «computer» describe?

A) It is an element of the total computer system.

B) Computer is also used to store information in the digital form.

C) The basic job of the computer is the processing of in­formation.

D) Software is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task.

E) The term computer is used to describe a device made up of a combination of electronic and electromechanical components.

$$$ 20

Is computer intelligent?

A) A computer system is a combination of five elements.

B) Without software instructions, the hardware doesn't know what to do.

C) The basic job of the computer is the processing of in­formation.

D) Computer is used to convert data into in­formation.

E) Com­puter has no intelligence by itself.

$$$ 21

What is connectivity?

A) When one computer system is set up to communicate with another computer system, connectivity becomes the sixth system element.

B) Without software instructions, the hardware doesn't know what to do.

C) The basic job of the computer is the processing of in­formation.

D) Computer is used to convert data into in­formation.

E) Com­puter has no intelligence by itself.

$$$ 22

What is software?

A) . People are the most important compo­nent of the computer system.

B) Without software instructions, the hardware doesn't know what to do.

C) The basic job of the computer is the processing of in­formation.

D) Software is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task.

E) Computer is used to convert data into in­formation.

$$$ 23

Why people are the most important component of a computer system?

A) Com­puter has no intelligence by itself.

B) Without software instructions, the hardware doesn't know what to do.

C) The basic job of the computer is the processing of in­formation.

D) Software is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task.

E) People create the computer software instructions and respond to the procedures that those instructions present.

$$$ 24

In what way terms «data» and «information» differ?

A) The data is raw material while informa­tion is organized, processed, refined and useful for deci­sion making.

B) Without software instructions, the hardware doesn't know what to do.

C) The basic job of the computer is the processing of in­formation.

D) Software is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task.

E) People create the computer software instructions and respond to the procedures that those instructions present.

$$$ 25

Choose the right equivalent for «оценивать » / «бағалау»

A) to evaluate

B) to refer to as

C) to refine

D) various

E) transmission

$$$ 26

What is hardware?.

A) Hardware is the mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and electrical devices composing a computer system.

B) Without software instructions, the hardware doesn't know what to do.

C) The basic job of the computer is the processing of in­formation.

D) Software is the term used to describe the instructions that tell the hardware how to perform a task.

E) Computer is used to convert data into in­formation.

$$$ 27

Computer hardware can be divided into four catego­ries:

A) program, information, processing of information, software, connectivity

B) software, connectivity, computer, people, procedures

C) hardware, software, people, procedures, data/information

D) hardware, software, people, connectivity, computer

E) input hardware, processing hardware, storage hardware, output hardware.

$$$ 28

The purpose of the input hardware is … and convert it into a form suitable for computer process­ing.

A) to collect data

B) the cursor moves across the screen

C) signal screen position

D) can use effectively

E) input graphics

$$$ 29

The most common input device is a … .

A) program

B) keyboard

C) information

D) computer

E) people

$$$ 30

The mouse is a hand held device … to the computer by small cable.

A) converts

B) converted

C) connected

D) to execute

E) to direct

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$$$007-001-002$3.7.3 Емтихан сұрақтары

Емтихан ауызша тапсырылады.

Билеттің 1-ші сұрағы:

1.Мамандыққа байланысты мәтіндерді аудару.

Билеттің 2-ші сұрағы:

Келесі тақырыптарды ауызша дайындау.

1. Өзім жайлы.

2. Менің жанұям.

3. Менің досым.

4. Менің сүйікті ісім.

5. Қазақстанның географиялық орналасуы.

6. Қазақстан астанасы.

7. Қазақстанның саяси жүйесі.

8. Ұлыбританияның географиялық орналасуы.

9. Ұлыбритания астанасы.

10. Ұлыбританияның саяси жүйесі.

11. АҚШ географиялық орналасуы.

12. АҚШ астанасы.

13. Нью-Йорк.

14. АҚШ саяси жүйесі.

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