The Microprocessor II

The microprocessor cannot control the entire computer without some help -nor should it. By delegating certain control functions to other chips, the CPU is free to attend to its own work. These support chips can be responsible for such processes as controlling the flow of information throughout the internal circuitry and controlling the flow of information to or from a particular device attached to the computer. These so-called device controllers are often mounted on a separate board that plugs into one of the PC's expansion slots.

Many support chips in the PCs are programmable, which means they can be manipulated to perform specialized tasks.

The hardware consists of Central Processing Unit (CPU), input devices and output devices. The CPU is made up of a processor and a main memory, or main store. The processor carries out, or executes, instructions in the program. The main memory stores input data and the program needed by the processor. The main memory also holds output data, or the results of processing.

Exercise 2. Сөйлемдерді аяқтаңыз.

1. The microprocessor cannot control the entire computer without ....

2. The CPU is free to attend ....

3. ... can be responsible for such processes as controlling the flow of information throughout the internal circuitry.

4. These device controllers are often mounted ... that plugs into one of the PC's expansion slots.

5. Many support chips ... are programmable.

6. Many support chips can be manipulated to perform ....

Exercise 4. Анықтамаларды аударыңыз.

SOFTWARE- programs, languages that control the operations of a computer in solving a given problem.

HARDWARE- the physical equipment and components in a computer system.

LIVEWARE- all people engaged in production of the computer and maintenance (conpOBOK^eHHe) of its work.

FIRMWIRE- a program built into the circuitry of a ROM that controls the operation of the computer.

Exercise 5. Келесі сөздердің синонимдерін табыңыз.

1. memory A. to process

2. chip B. to achieve

3. to locate C. storage

4. card (плата) D. to determine

5. to manage E. board

6. to handle F. circuit

7. to leave G. sophisticated

8. complicated H. routine

9. to reach I. purpose

&&&

$$$003-006-000$3.3.6 Chip

&&&

$$$003-006-001$3.3.6.1 Практикалық сабаққа арналған оқу-әдістемелік нұсқаулар №6

Сабақтың мақсаты: 1. Мамандыққа байланысты сөздік қорын молайту үшін жаңа лексиканы енгізу және бекіту.

2. Шет тілінде сөйлеу және арнайы мәтіндерді оқу, түсіну, аудару дағдыларын қалыптастыру.

Әдістемелік нұсқау:

Мәтінді аудару үшін мәтінді оқып алып, таныс емес сөздерді теріп жазып, сөздікпен аударыңыз. Жаңа сөздерді бекіту мақсатында берілген жаттығуларды орындаңыз.

Exercise 1. Мәтінді оқып, аударыңыз.

Chip

Computer components (such as transistors, diodes, resistors) can now be made from semiconductor materials of different shapes. Nowadays, complete circuits can be made from a single piece of semiconductor, called a chip. Such circuits are called integrated circuits (ICs). Computers using integrated circuits were first produced in the 1960s. Their integrated circuits had about 200 components on a single chip. Today, we can produce more than 100,000 components on a single chip. A chip can be as small as 0.5 cm square.

Chip is an integrated circuit created on a tiny silicon flake. Upon the flake a large number of gates and paths connecting them are formed. They are formed by very thin films of metal acting as wires. The chip can be used as main memory and logic capabilities are contained in the same chip, it is called a microprocessor or a computer on a chip. It consumes very little power, is compact and of low cost. It can currently process as many as a million or more instructions per second. The chip is used in a wide, ever-increasing variety of devices. They are PCs, calculators, digital watches, robots, and electronic games.

Exercise 2. Сөйлемдерді аяқтап, аударыңыз.

1. Chip is an integrated circuit created on a ... .2. Large number of gates and paths are formed by very thin films of.... 3. The chip can be used as main .... 4. Microprocessor consumes very .... 5. A computer is compact and of low ... . 6. It can currently process as many as a million or more .... The chip is used in a wide, ... of devices. They are ....

Exercise 3. Сөйлемдердің қайсысы дұрыс?

1. Chip is not an integrated circuit.

2. They are formed by very thick films of metal acting.

3. The chip can be used as main memory.

4. Logic capabilities are contained in different chips.

5. It consumes very much power.

6. It can currently process as many as a million or more instructions per second.

7. The chip is not used in a wide, ever-increasing variety of devices.

Exercise 4. Сұраулы және болымсыз сөйлемдер құрастырыңыз.

Chip is an integrated circuit created on a tiny silicon flake. The chip can be used as main memory logic capabilities are contained in the same chip It consumes very little power The chip is used in a wide, ever-increasing variety of devices. They are PCs, calculators, digital watches, robots, and electronic games.

Exercise 5. Дұрыс нұсқаны таңдаңыз. Аударыңыз.

1. Chip is ... on a tiny silicon flake. 2. ... a large number of gates and paths connecting them are formed. 3. The chip can be used ... and logic capabilities are contained in ..., it is called a microprocessor or a computer on a chip. 4. It ... very little power, is compact and of low cost. 5. It can currently process as many ... instructions per second. 6. The chip is used in a wide, ever-increasing .... 7. ... are PCs, calculators, digital watches, robots, and electronic games.

a) the same chip

b) as a million or more

c) they

d) created

e) upon the flake

f) consumes

g) variety of devices

$$$003-006-001$3.3.6.2 №2 модуль бойынша сабақтан алған білімді тексеру тапсырмалары.

Exercise 1. Сөйлемдерді ырықсыз етіске аударыңыз.

1. They will start production of the new type of engine soon. 2. That country doesn't produce any heavy industrial machinery. 3. Jilles de Dion built the first mechanically propelled vehicle. 4. They reconstructed this plant entirely. 5. Our laboratory employs the most modern technology. 6. Tsarist Russia produced only a few automobiles before World War I.

Exercise 2. Оң жақ бағанадағы сөз тіркестерін қолданып, сөйлемдерді аяқтаңыз.

1. At present there are...

2. It is very difficult...

3. The main divisions of engi­neering are...

4. So, engineers must become...

5. In designing even a simple machine...

6. Thus, any branch of engi­neering may require...

соответствующие окончания в правом

a) more scientific and specializ­ed.

b) the special services of spe­cialists from various branches.

c) numerous branches of engi­neering.

d) complicated and specialized calculations are needed.

e) to give a satisfactory classifi­cation of these branches.

f) mechanical engineering, elec­trical engineering, civil engi­neering, structural engineering and chemical engineering.

Exercise 3. Сөздіксіз аударыңыз.

Conductor; to contain; application; to automize; attraction; efficiency; creature; to extract; expansion; percent; variation; original; compres­sion; to modify; the same; to calculate; copy; to copy; memory; to alter; manufacture; routine; to detect; to invalidate; multiple; reason; author­ity; definition.

Exercise 4. Мәтінді оқып, аударыңыз.