The parts of a computer system

In order to use computers effectively to solve problems in our en­vironment, computer systems are devised. Computer systems may be dis­cussed in two parts.

The first part is hardware — the physical, electronic, and electro­mechanical devices that are thought of and recognized as "computers". The hardware consists of Central Processing Unit (CPU), input devices and output devices. The CPU is made up of a processor and a main memory, or main store. The processor carries out, or executes, instructions in the program. The main memory stores input data and the program needed by the processor. The main memory also holds output data, or the results of processing.

Input devices are used to provide data for the CPU. The keyboard is a common data input device. By using a keyboard, a user can enter data directly into the computer system. Data is sometimes entered on cards. The cards are read by an input device called a card reader. Data is often input from a mass storage device, such as magnetic tape or magnetic disc. A mass storage device has a much larger capacity than main memory. That is, it can store more data. The tapes or discs are read by an input device called a tape drive or a disc drive.

Output devices receive data from the CPU. The Visual Display Unit (VDU) and printer are common output devices. The VDU is similar to a television screen. The printer produces printed output on paper. Both the VDU and printer present output data for immediate use. Sometimes, the output data is transmitted along a telephone line to another computer. Output data can also be stored for future use on a mass storage device, such as magnetic tape or magnetic disc.

Input devices, output devices and mass storage devices are collectively called

Exercise 2. Терминдердің дұрыс аудармасын табыңыз.

1. hardware a) a set of instructions for the CPU

2. software b) devices used to provide data for the CPU

3. CPU c) devices which receive data from CPU

4. input devices d) parts of hardware in which instructions are

5. output devices carried out and data is stored

e) physical, electronic and electromechanical devices

Exercise 3. Дұрыс нұсқаны тауып, бос орынға қойыңыз.

1. Computer is a machine that performs tasks under the control of a set of instructions called a program. Program results are ... (read, transported, stored) in the main memory or directed to ... (software, input devices, output devices) such as video display monitors or printers.

2. Robots require a lot of sensors and powerful computers... (to process, to consist of, to put into) the complex information.

3. A major user of robots is the automobile industry. It uses robots for tasks such as spot (точечная)... (hardware, welding, introducing), adjusting ... (forging, instruments, storage), preparatory production, parts transfer. Assembly is one of the fastest growing industrial applications of robotics. Robotic manipulators create manufactured products that are of higher quality and lower cost. ... (robotics, transport, application) can result in the loss of unskilled jobs, particularly on assembly lines. New jobs are created in ... (methods, persons, software) development, in robot installation and maintenance. At the same time, new design robot modules are ... (manipulated, introduced, measured), new ... (reliability, flexible, forging) systems are developed, the ... (diagram, module, hardware) of computers is improved, so that automated machines could assist humans in the manufacture of new products.

Exercise 4. Мәтінді мазмұндауға дайындаңыз.

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$$$003-013-000$3.3.13 Types of Software

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$$$003-013-001$3.3.13.1 Практикалық сабаққа арналған оқу-әдістемелік нұсқаулар №13

Сабақтың мақсаты: 1. Мамандыққа байланысты сөздік қорын молайту үшін жаңа лексиканы енгізу және бекіту.

2. Шет тілінде сөйлеу және арнайы мәтіндерді оқу, түсіну, аудару дағдыларын қалыптастыру.

1. Грамматикалық дағдыларын дамыту.

2. Іштей оқу дағдыларын дамыту, сөздік қорды молайту.

Әдістемелік нұсқау:

Мәтінді аудару үшін мәтінді оқып алып, таныс емес сөздерді теріп жазып, сөздікпен аударыңыз. Жаңа сөздерді бекіту мақсатында берілген жаттығуларды орындаңыз.

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.