3.Answer the questuons:
Who was the founder of geodesy?
When were the problems of geodesy raised first?
What were the opinions about the form of the Earth?
Do you know the scientists who made contribution in geodesy?
What happened in 1666?
Why were 16 and17 centuries important for geodesy?
4. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following words and expressions:
the question of the figure of the Earth
to raise in the antiquity
the model of the earth
rotational ellipsoid
the notion
founder of scientific geodesy
to develop the principles of measurements
to apply in modern ages
summer solstice
to form an angle
to compute the distance
to assume the leading role of geodesy
geocentric universe
to discover the laws of planetary motion
principles of physics
5.Complete the sentences:
The formulation of the problem of geodesy ...
First the model of the Earth …
During the middle ages in Europe, ..
Through the initiative of the Academy of Sciences, ..
In the 161 and 17l centuries, ..
Building on these and on their own works, ..
6.Make up dialogues using the text.
7.Try your best in representing the back translation of the text.
8.Retell the text in brief.
Lesson 8
Supplementary tasks:
Техt: The Man Who Took Notice of Notices
1.Read and memorize new words and expressions on the text:
to work on the railway
station master
chief porter
signal man
a part of an old railway carriage
strict about «rules».
was the pride of his heart
2.Read
and translate the text
My uncle Tom used to work on the railway. It wasn't big station, it was a little place called Lowton Cross. Only about two trains a day stopped there, and Tom was a station master, chief porter and signal man all in one; in fact Tom did any work that came along, and there wasn't a happier man in the whole England. Lowton Gross was the pride of his heart; the waiting room was cleaned every day by the chief cleaner (Tom); the chairs were polished by the chief polisher (Tom); and the tickets were sold, and collected, by the chief ticket collector (Tom); sometimes there were as many as four tickets a day; and the money was counted every evening by the chief clerk (Tom). One day, there was £13.18. — the biggest amount that was ever taken in one day during the whole 50 years that Tom was there.
That station was run well: Tom was very strict about «rules». He knew what a passenger was allowed to do and what he was not allowed to do, where he was allowed to smoke and where he was not allowed to smoke. And if any passenger dared to do anything that was against the rules, there was trouble at Lowton Cross.
He was there, as I said, for 50 years and then he had to retire. There is no doubt that Tom had done his job well; in all the 50 years he had been there, he had never missed a single day; every day he had been on duty. Well, the Railway Company thought they ought to do something to recognize this job, and so a little «farewell ceremony« was arranged, and a man from the head office, Sir Joseph Binks, was asked to go to Lowton Cross for the ceremony.
Tom was thanked and was given a small cheque as a present. He was very pleased, of course, but he said to Joseph, «I don't need the money (Tom had always been careful and had saved quite a nice sum of money), but can I have, instead, something that will remind me of the happy days І have spent here in Lowton Cross?. Sir Joseph was rather surprised, but he said he thought it could be arranged; what kind of reminder had Tom in mind? So Tom said, «Well, sir, could the Company let me have a part of an old railway carriage, just one compartment. It doesn't matter how old or broken it is; I can repair it and clean it — I shall have plenty of time now that I have retired. I want to put it in my back garden and every day I can go and sit in it, and that will remind me of Lowton Cross».
Sir Joseph, «Well, Mr. Hobdell, if that is what you want, you shall have it». And about a week later a carriage, or rather a compartment, was sent and was taken into Tom's back garden. Tom worked at it, just as he worked at Lowton Cross. It was cleaned and painted and polished, and in a week or so it looked very nice.
One day I was staying with Uncle Albert (that's Tom's brother) and he said, «Come on, Hob, let's go and visit old Tom». So we went to Tom's house, but It began to rain and very soon it was raining hard. We knocked at the door, but there was no answer. However the door was not locked and we came in. Tom was nowhere to be seen, and we understood that he was in that old railway carriage of his. Sure enough he was there, but he wasn't sitting in the carriage; he was outside, smoking his pipe. His head was covered with a sack and the rain was running down his back. We asked him why he didn't go inside the carriage out of the rain. Can't you see», said Tom, «the carriage they sent me was a non-smoker!*
(From «Essential English for foreign students» by C. E. Eckersley)