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4.Complete the sentences:

1.The fast growth of …

2. The great rush of railway building had done …

3. The idea was supported by …

4. In 1873 the railways ....

5. In 1876 they sent a telegram to the Minister of Communications of those period …

Lesson 12

Text: The Kinds of Transportation

1.Read and translate the text

Most people think of communications only when they want to get from one place to another. But communications are important to the national economy of a country. Without good roads and railways a coun­try cannot develop its resources and industry. Without roads it is im­possible to market agricultural produce.

Today we have increased the ways of communication. Roads ant still important, water, in the form of either rivers or seas, is useful for carrying bulky materials.

Modern railways rushes the traveller across two continents—Europe and Asia—in most convenient all-metal carriages. The dining-car will cater for all appetites. The luggage-van relieves one of the troubles of taking care of trunks and suit-cases. Luggage can be registered through to one's destination. These services are available on all overnight and long-distance trains.

Railway transport is one of the most reliable, cheap and safe despite all economical reforms.Its functions does not depend on the weather and climate.

Due to its functions the railway transport is divided into that one which carry freights and that one which carry passengers.

Major junctions with the developed station management are Kyiv, Lviv, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Debaltsevo and others. The main goods transported due to the railway are building materials, coal and ores, especially iron, agricultural products, machines, tools, chemical goods etc. The Railway Transport of Ukraine subordinated to the State Administration of Railway Transport of Ukraine.

2.Give English equivalents to the following word combinations:

integration into the single European rail system

intensive railway directions.

to depend on transport;

by means of railroads;

the safest mean of travel;

to run much faster than;

to develop a new method;

many developments;

to operate a factory;

to operate well;

to be a success;

to be far slower and lighter;

the fastest locomotive;

more comfortable than;

not so important as;

thanks to the new development;

a locomotive suitable for service;

to serve passengers;

the passenger and freight service.

3.Answer the questions.

1. Why are communications so important for our country?

2. Why roads were important?

3. What are the modern ways of communications?

4. Why are roads important?

5. What is the most important role of modern railway transport?

6. What are the advantages of railway transport?

4.Complete the sentences:

1.Most people think of communications …

2. Without good roads …

3.Today we have increased the …

4.Modern railways rushes the traveler…

5.Roads ant still important …

6.The railways today ...

7. Railway transport is …

8.The luggage-van relieves …

9.These services are …

Lesson 13

Text:Railway of Ukraine