6.Make up dialogues using the text.
Lesson 8
Supplementary tasks:
Text: The First Railways in Europe(IІ)
1.Read and translate the text
Thus, George Stephenson went to Spain, and Robert to Norway, to lay out their first main lines, and Joseph Locke was responsible, in the mid-1840s, for the main line from Paris to Le Havre.
British machines and men also pioneered railways in Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium, Holland, Sweden, Russia, and elsewhere.
The importance of this still remains. The Stephenson gauge of 4ft 8 Vi in is the European standard, and the European railways still use the same height and spacing of buffers and couplings as the English originals. But in Europe the tasks of railway building was taken by the State itself, and the Continental engineers were given much greater leeway in developing and expanding trains.
2.Answer the questuons
Was there any influence of steam locomotion?
Was the result in the world of development roads in Britain?
Who was the author of the gauge?
Did France make any efforts in railroad development?
3.Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following words and expressions:
steam locomotion
head-and-shoulders start
steam-worked railway
a great deal from practice
to lay out the main lines
to pioneer railways
to develop and expand trains
head-and-shoulders start
steam-worked railway
a great deal from practice
to lay out the main lines
to pioneer railways
to develop and expand trains
head-and-shoulders start in world
the first public steam-worked railway
learnt a great deal from Stephenson's practice
early Continental railways were also built by English engineers.
4.Complete the sentences:
The experiments with steam locomotion in England did not go unnoticed…
The first public steam-worked railway in France was ..
They were built by Marc Seguin, a French engineer who …
His design solved a number of the problems…
British machines and men also pioneered railways..
But in Europe the tasks of railway building was taken …
5.Make up dialogues using the text.
Lesson 9
Supplementary tasks:
(oral practice)
Перечитайте текст Text: The First Railways in Europe знову, виконайте одне з наступних завдань за вибором.(скласти діалог, скласти проект з теми або переказати текст коротко)
1.Make up dialogues using the text.
2.Retell the text in brief оr make your own project on the text.
Lesson 10
Text: A little locomotive(I)
1.Read and memorize new words and expressions on the text:
gangway
royal passengers
to arrange in compartments
sleeping saloon
couch body construction
high-speed train
all-metal couches
to launch a train
pair of six-wheel saloons
had inter-coach gangways
a pantry
arranged in compartments
the sleeping saloon did not come into wide use
carriages increased in size, particularly in length…
coach body construction
designers turned their attention to all-metal coaches.
2.Read
and translate the text
Queen Victoria's pair of six-wheel saloons built in 1869, respectively for day and night travel, had inter-coach gangways to allow the royal passengers to pass from one to the other through the coach ends, and a pantry in which hot drinks could be prepared.
By the 1870s sleeping saloons with proper beds had also been introduced. They were not always arranged in compartments and some beds were in large saloons, respectively for men and women. Nevertheless, the sleeping saloon did not come into wide use for another 20 years or so. During the 1870s railway carriages again increased in size, particularly in length…
By the end of the 1930s steel was being used to a far greater extent in coach body construction, usually for side and roof panels, with the timber framing retained. Once again designers turned their attention to all-metal coaches .