2. Mind the following words and word-combination:

network — мережа

to captivate — полонити

to log on — входити, підключатися

to last — тривати

overload — перевантаження

to grow (past grew, p.p.grown) — рости, збільшуватися

breakthrough — велике досягнення, прорив

voice massage — голосове послання

video conferencing — відео-конференц-зв'язок

web TV — веб-телебачення

to browse — переглядати

cellular phone — стільниковий телефон

to dialing up — набирати номер, дзвонити

answering machine — автовідповідач

to handle — звертатися, мати справу з

amount — кількість

fiber optic cables — оптиковолоконний кабель

opposed — тут замість

binary code — бінарний код, двоїнний код

amount of bandwidth — пропускна здатність

fast modem — швидкий модем

coaxial cable — коаксильний кабель

to increase 1,000 fold — збільшити(ся) у 1000 разів

satellite dish — супутникова тарілка

lane — лінії руху

clog — засмічення, перешкода

customer — клієнт, покупець

business time — бізнес-час

3. Answer the following questions.

1. How many users are currently in the Internet?

2. How long does an average Internet call last?

3. What can cause the overload of the telephone system?

4. What was the main purpose of the Internet up to the 90s?

5. Do we need to have a computer to get access to the Inter­net today?

6. Who was the first to come up with the idea of using fiber optic cables?

8. What is the alternative way to get access to the Internet today?

Lesson 5

The First Underground Railways of the World

1.Read and translate the text

In the first place analysts in the U.S. have put the oldest and largest metro in Europe - London Tube. It was opened in 1863. In second place was underground forever the romantic city of Paris. And even the subway does not devoid of romance. The interior of most stations is decorated in a unique art style. Especially famous entrances to the subway - twisted iron railings, looked like a liana, lights, resembling the head of grasshoppers etc. Thus, the Moscow Metro has won an honorable third place. Not only is the subway in Moscow, the most beautiful (44 stations have been named architectural landmarks), it is also the most visited. Each year over 3.2 billion inhabitants of the capital used the subway to get to destination.The Moscow metro is still the leader at the rapidity. Train speed reaches 90 km / h, and the intervals between them in the off-peak hours are reduced to 90 seconds. Fourth place, U.S. analysts have given the subway of Madrid. Its main advantage - it is clean. The secret is that it uses the latest ecological system cleaning cars. Among other things, the Spanish subway boasts high-speed trains, modern interior and the rapid development of transportation lines.

Japan, as always, ahead of the rest in terms of technology. The Japanese are very disciplined: trains in the Tokyo subway go strictly on schedule, arriving at the station to the nearest second, and their doors open directly opposite the special markup. Subway in Tokyo are very clean, and at some stations you can go to the supermarket or use other services for passengers. Seoul metro is one of the busiest in the world. Every day here down to 8 million passengers. The length of the track is nearly 300 kilometers. But not all routes run under the ground, 30% carried to the surface. Although the New York metro area is neither pure, nor frequent , but it is the only subway, which operates around the clock. In 1904, 28 stations were opened now they have 462. Every day on the subway ride up to 5 million residents of New York. Metropolitan Montreal, Canada was built relatively recently, only in 1966. Therefore, it is not very large, and: 65 stations, 4 underground lines, and the total length is less than 100 km. The modernist style was borrowed from the Paris Metro. Design of each of the stations created by different architects, it is diversity. Rails in the Montreal subway equipped with special rubber pads. This reduces the noise from the moving train. Moreover, the trains themselves are very comfortable.