5.Complete the sentences:
Queen Victoria's pair of six-wheel saloons …
They were not always arranged ...
Nevertheless, the sleeping …
By the end of the 1930s steel was being
It has a body length of about …
The other important development …
The first high-speed train was…
Each train consists of eight carriages: one…
Lesson 12
Supplementary tasks:
(oral practice)
Перечитайте текст Text: : A little locomotive знову, виконайте одне з наступних завдань за вибором.(скласти діалог, скласти проект з теми або переказати текст коротко)
1.Make up dialogues using the text.
2.Retell the text in brief оr make your own project on the text.
Lesson 13
Topic: “The Upper Railroad Track Construction”
Text: The Upper Railroad Track Construction(I)
1.Read and memorize new words and expressions on the text:
track construction
upper
rails
ties
ballast
gauge
switch
sleepers
crashed rock
gravel
to build on a strip of land
right-of-way,
carefully prepared for tracks,
must be cleared than graded,
to lay upon the ballast foundation,
to hold the ties,
methods of railroad building,
railway construction,
to lay in pre-assembled length,
to lay the length of tracks in a few minute,
efficient machines,
track-laying crane.
2.Read
and translate the text
The combination of rails, ballast and ties is known as the railroad track. The railroad track is also called the "permanent way".
The distance between the rails is known as the railway gauge now the railways have a 1.524 mm gauge. The mechanism which is used to move the trains from one track to another is called a switch.
The place where the ends form in the track is called a joint.
The rails rest on ties, in England "ties" are called "sleepers". The ties or sleepers are laid on ballast, which is the foundation of the railway track. The best materials for ballast are crashed rock (broken stone) and gravel.
3.Answer the questions
The combination of what is called the railroad track?
What is the other title of this thing?
How do we call the mechanism which is used to move the trains?
What is called –tie or – sleeper?
What materials are used for the foundation of railway track?
What kind of work must be done before building a track?
Where are ties and rails put?
4.Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following words and expressions:
track construction
upper
rails
ties
ballast
gauge
switch
sleepers
crashed rock
gravel
to build on a strip of land
right-of-way,
carefully prepared for tracks,
must be cleared than graded,
to lay upon the ballast foundation,
to hold the ties,
methods of railroad building,
railway construction,
to lay in pre-assembled length,
to lay the length of tracks in a few minute,
efficient machines,
track-laying crane.
5.Complete the sentences:
The combination of …
The distance …
The mechanism which is …
The place where the ends …
The ties or sleepers are laid on …
The railway is built on a strip …
At first it must be cleared from …
Ties and rails are laid upon the ballast foundation and …
Lesson 14
Text: The Upper Railroad Track Construction(II)
1.Read and memorize new words and expressions on the text:
track construction
upper
rails
ties
ballast
gauge
switch
sleepers
crashed rock
gravel
to build on a strip of land
right-of-way,
carefully prepared for tracks,
must be cleared than graded,
to lay upon the ballast foundation,
to hold the ties,
methods of railroad building,
railway construction,
to lay in pre-assembled length,
to lay the length of tracks in a few minute,
efficient machines,
track-laying crane.
2.Read
and translate the text
It is not an easy job to build a railway. The railway is built on a strip of land, which is called the right-of-way (лінія відвода).
The right-of-way must be carefully prepared for laying down the tracks. At first it must be cleared from trees, bushes and then graded by special machines known as graders.
After the right of way is cleared and graded the permanent way is constructed. Ties and rails are laid upon the ballast foundation and the ballast is packed between the ties and on each side of the track to hold the ties in place.