3.Answer the questuons

What kind of mark did British class system make?

How did early people travel?

What had happened during the industrial revolution?

Why were people the subjects for vagaries for the English climate?

What was unknown?

Did they use horse-traction?

4.Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following words and expressions on the text:

fastest mean of travelling

to travel around the country

to travel at speed

road carriages

vagaries

to be unknown to railway transport

static engine

universal pattern of railway locomotive

horse traction

to haul the load

to provide individual wheels

separate compartments

railway scene

5.Complete the sentences:

Until the coming of the steam railway …

The wealthiest had …

Inside was the most …

The railway pioneers …

Track of a sort had been developed…

Steam locomotives had gradually …

Wagons running on tracks for the transport of coal…

Indeed with horse traction employed …

Thus was born, at the dawn of railways, …

Lesson 21

Supplementary tasks:

(oral practice)

Перечитайте текст Text: : The Railway Carriage Development знову, виконайте одне з наступних завдань за вибором.(скласти діалог, скласти проект з теми або переказати текст коротко)

1.Make up dialogues using the text.

2.Retell the text in brief оr make your own project on the text.

V Semester

Lesson 1-2

Text: Environmental Pollution

1. Read and translate the text:

Pollution is the release of harmful environmental contaminants. Generally the process needs to result from human activity to be regarded as pollution. Pollution can take two major forms: local pollution and global pollution. In the past, only local pollution was thought to be a problem. For example, coal burning produces smoke, which in sufficient concentrations can be a health hazard. One slogan, taught in schools, was "The solution to pollution is dilution." The theory was that sufficiently diluted pollution could cause no damage. In recent decades, awareness has been rising that some forms of pollution pose a global problem. For example, human activity (primarily nuclear testing) has significantly raised the levels of background radiation, which may lead to human health problems, all over the world. Awareness of both kinds of pollution, among other things, has led to the environmentalism movement, which seeks to limit the human impact on the environment.

Traditional forms of pollution include air pollution, water pollution, and

radioactive contamination while a broader interpretation of the word has led to the ideas of ship pollution, light pollution, and noise pollution. Serious pollution sources include chemical plants, oil refineries, nuclear waste dumps, regular garbage dumps.