5.Complete the sentences:
The rails differ greatly in weight …
The largest and heaviest rails are ...
The ties on most tracks were …
The ties are not laid upon the earth …
They rest upon a bed of …
Ballast is a very important element of …
6.Make up dialogues using the text.
Lesson 17
Text: Rails(II)
1.Read and translate the text
The rails differ greatly in weight according to the kind of traffic, which they have to carry when placed in the track. The largest and heaviest rails are laid in the main line tracks for it is these tracks, which carry the largest volume of traffic.
The ties on most tracks were almost all of wood and in order to make them last longer they were treated with creosote.
The ties are not laid upon the earth for the earth cannot support the track structure. They rest upon a bed of crushed rock or gravel, which is called ballast. Ballast is a very important element of the track for it is the ballast, which supports the track structure hold, the track in position and provides needed drainage.
2.Answer the questions
What is a permanent way?
What were the first rails made of?
What discovery was of great importance?
How is called the place where the ends of rails meet?
What is the weakest part of the track?
3.Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following words and expressions:
lengths
long - welded rails
to differ in weight ,to carry the largest volume of traffic,
to treat ties with creosote,
to lay upon the earth, track structure,
to rest upon a bed of crushed rock or gravel,
to support the track structure,
to provide needed drainage,
to improve the track structure,
in order to reduce,
long-welded rails,
to provide
to increase speeds,
to provide the greater stability of track,
to contribute to greater speeds.
permanent way
wooden rails
iron rails
steel rails
heavy steam train
ballast
gauge
switch
sleeper
rail joint
4.Complete the sentences:
The rails differ greatly in weight …
The largest and heaviest rails are ...
The ties on most tracks were …
The ties are not laid upon the earth …
They rest upon a bed of …
Ballast is a very important element of …
5.Make up dialogues using the text.
6.Try your best in representing the back translation of the text.
7.Retell the text in brief.
Lesson 18
Supplementary tasks: (oral practice)
Перечитайте текст : LONDON'S UNDERGROUND IN WORLD WAR II , виконайте наступні завдання.
Text: LONDON'S UNDERGROUND IN WORLD WAR II
1.Read and memorize new words and expressions on the text:
the existence of underground,
the most popular and efficient means of public transport,
underground railways,
unused tunnels were occupied,
sleeping accommodations,
to carry food supplies,
perfectly organize the operation of railway,
to handle the normal volume of traffic.
2.Read
and translate the text
For many years of its existence London's Underground was the most popular and efficient means of public transport in the city. However during the five years of World War 2 it played a far more important part in the life of England's capital than in the pre-war period.
In those hand days thousands of Londoners had to spend nights in London's Underground Besides many ancient books rare collections from the British Museum spend the war in the underground tunnels. Some of the unused tunnels 5 miles in length were occupied by a factory producing airplanes.
Life for the people at the 79 stations was made as comfortable as possible. There were sleeping accommodations and a clinic at these stations. Special trains carried food supplies to 124 canteens .
The operation of London's Underground was so perfectly organized that even in the worst days of the war it was handling its normal volume of traffic during the day and was used as home by 177 000 people every night.