- •The structure of the human body
- •1. Memorize the rules of reading:
- •2. Memorize the rules of reading:
- •7. Form words with the help of negative prefixes. Translate them into Russian.
- •8. Guess the meanings of the words of Latin origin. Practice reading them.
- •9. Learn the words from the Vocabulary List 1.
- •Vocabulary List 1
- •10. Name the organs and parts of the body localized in:
- •16. What sentences in the text give us the following information?
- •17. Using the text describe the following anatomical structures:
- •18. What questions can be asked to get the following answers?
- •19. Match the words with the opposite meanings.
- •20. Translate the word combinations. Pay attention to prepositions.
- •21. What parts of the body are described?
- •22. Fill in the gaps with the right prepositions.
- •23. Guess the meanings of the words of Latin origin. Practice reading them.
- •24. Learn the words from the Vocabulary List 2:
- •Vocabulary List 2
- •25. Find in exercises 23 and 24 six pairs of synonyms.
- •26. Translate the derivatives:
- •27. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •28. Translate from English into Russian.
- •29. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the Vocabulary list 2.
- •30. A) Read and translate the text.
- •The Skeleton
- •31. Match the Latin and English medical terms:
- •32. Answer the questions.
- •33. Match the bones with the proper parts of the body.
- •34. Match the groups of ribs with their descriptions.
- •35. Complete the sentences:
- •36. Say whether it’s true or false. Give your reasons.
- •37. Form and translate Participle II of the following verbs:
- •38. Translate the sentences.
- •39. Translate from English into Russian:
- •40. Open the brackets using the necessary Passive Form of the given verb.
- •41. Insert the prepositions “by” or “with”.
- •42. Change the following sentences from the Active into the Passive.
- •43. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative.
- •44. Make up sentences from the given words:
- •45. Finish the following sentences using the given words and verbs in the Passive Voice.
- •46. Translate from Russian into English.
- •47. Read the text; insert the proper forms of the verbs. Give a summary of the text. Cranial Bones
- •48. Match the cranial bone with its location.
- •52. А) Find in the dialogue English equivalents for these words and word combinations.
- •58. Answer the questions:
- •59. Translate the sentences.
- •60. Ask 10 questions based on the text “The jaws” and answer them (work in pairs).
- •65. Read the text for general understanding. Pay attention to the first sentence of each paragraph. Make the plan of the text. Bones. Formation and Structure
- •66. Find in the text English equivalents for these words and word combinations:
- •67. Read the text once again. Put the questions in the order they are answered in the text, then answer the questions.
- •68. Read the text. The Systems of the Body
- •69. Correct the sentences according to the text.
- •70. State the function of every system described in the text.
- •71. Put the questions in the order they are answered in the text, then answer the questions.
- •72. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the functions of infinitives.
- •73. Join the sentences, using the infinitive in the function of the adverbial modifier of purpose. Then translate the sentences.
- •74. Translate the sentences with infinitives in the function of attribute.
- •75. Join the parts of the table to make up sentences about the role of famous scientists in the history of medicine.
- •76. Answer the questions.
- •77. Prepare a report (10 – 12 sentences) about life and work of one of the great anatomists.
- •78. Read and reproduce the jokes.
- •79. Practice reading the tongue-twisters.
- •80. Poems and rhymes to enjoy.
43. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative.
1. The dental polyclinic is surrounded by a large park. 2. The results of the blood test were given to the doctor yesterday. 3. The patient was treated for pulpitis. 4. The temperature is taken three times a day. 5. The experiment will be carried out next week. 6. The lectures on Anatomy are attended by all the students. 7. The article will be translated by her in two days. 8. The students were asked many questions.
44. Make up sentences from the given words:
1. found, bones, in, the, are, long, limbs, the.
2. month’s, man, given, a, rest, was, the.
3. asked, they, her, to, were, help.
4. tooth, a, is, the, root (корень), a, crown, composed, neck, a, of.
5. the, connected, ribs, by, the, cartilages, with, are, breastbone, or, ligaments.
6. the, body, formed, arch, and, vertebra, the, is, by, the.
7. the, portion, of, the, xiphoid, lower, is, sternum, called, process the.
8. research, our, will, scientists, this, continued, by, be.
45. Finish the following sentences using the given words and verbs in the Passive Voice.
1. – Why didn’t they come to the party?
- Because (they, not, to invite).
2. – Can you show me the results of your research?
- I’m afraid, I can’t. (The research, to finish, next month).
3. – Is the patient getting better?
- Yes. (A new antibiotic, to give, the results are good).
4. – I can’t recognize our hospital.
- Surely you can’t. (It, to reconstruct, some months ago).
5. – I want to have my prescription.
- Wait a minute. (The prescription, to write out).
46. Translate from Russian into English.
1. Студентам старших курсов преподают клинические предметы. 2. Нас спросят на следующем занятии. 3. Эти статьи читаются с интересом. 4. Когда проводится студенческая конференция? - Она проводится каждый год в апреле. 5. Экзамен по анатомии сдали успешно? 6. Лаборатория будет оснащена современным оборудованием. 7. Когда была основана эта больница? - Она была основана в прошлом веке. 8. Этот вопрос не обсуждался вчера на конференции. 9. Об этом исследовании много говорят. 10. Каждый палец (за исключением большого) состоит из трёх фаланг: проксимальной, средней и дистальной фаланги. 11. Первый учебник по анатомии на русском языке был написан профессором П.А. Загорским (1764 – 1846). 12. После лекции было задано много вопросов. 13. Мягкие ткани, мышцы и органы поддерживаются скелетом. 14. Верхняя часть щеки образована скуловой костью. 15. Этот эксперимент должен быть завершен к концу года.
47. Read the text; insert the proper forms of the verbs. Give a summary of the text. Cranial Bones
The bones of the skull, or cranium (to protect) the brain and structures, related to1 it, such as the sense organs. Muscles for controlling head movements and chewing motions2 (to connect) to the cranial bones. Sinuses, or air cavities, (to locate) in specific places within the cranial bones to lighten the cranium and warm and moisten air as it (to pass) through.
The cranial bones of a newborn child (not to join) completely. There are gaps3 of unossified4 tissue in the skull at birth. They (to call) soft spots or fontanelles5 (little fountains). The pulse of blood vessels can (to feel) under the skin in those areas.
Notes
1 related to [ri'leitid] - связанный с
2 chewing motions ['t∫u:iŋ 'məu∫ənz] - жевательные движения
3 gap [gæp] - промежуток
4 unossified [Ùn'ɔsifaid] - неокостеневший
5 fontanel(le) [ֽfɔntə'nel] - родничок