- •The structure of the human body
- •1. Memorize the rules of reading:
- •2. Memorize the rules of reading:
- •7. Form words with the help of negative prefixes. Translate them into Russian.
- •8. Guess the meanings of the words of Latin origin. Practice reading them.
- •9. Learn the words from the Vocabulary List 1.
- •Vocabulary List 1
- •10. Name the organs and parts of the body localized in:
- •16. What sentences in the text give us the following information?
- •17. Using the text describe the following anatomical structures:
- •18. What questions can be asked to get the following answers?
- •19. Match the words with the opposite meanings.
- •20. Translate the word combinations. Pay attention to prepositions.
- •21. What parts of the body are described?
- •22. Fill in the gaps with the right prepositions.
- •23. Guess the meanings of the words of Latin origin. Practice reading them.
- •24. Learn the words from the Vocabulary List 2:
- •Vocabulary List 2
- •25. Find in exercises 23 and 24 six pairs of synonyms.
- •26. Translate the derivatives:
- •27. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •28. Translate from English into Russian.
- •29. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the Vocabulary list 2.
- •30. A) Read and translate the text.
- •The Skeleton
- •31. Match the Latin and English medical terms:
- •32. Answer the questions.
- •33. Match the bones with the proper parts of the body.
- •34. Match the groups of ribs with their descriptions.
- •35. Complete the sentences:
- •36. Say whether it’s true or false. Give your reasons.
- •37. Form and translate Participle II of the following verbs:
- •38. Translate the sentences.
- •39. Translate from English into Russian:
- •40. Open the brackets using the necessary Passive Form of the given verb.
- •41. Insert the prepositions “by” or “with”.
- •42. Change the following sentences from the Active into the Passive.
- •43. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative.
- •44. Make up sentences from the given words:
- •45. Finish the following sentences using the given words and verbs in the Passive Voice.
- •46. Translate from Russian into English.
- •47. Read the text; insert the proper forms of the verbs. Give a summary of the text. Cranial Bones
- •48. Match the cranial bone with its location.
- •52. А) Find in the dialogue English equivalents for these words and word combinations.
- •58. Answer the questions:
- •59. Translate the sentences.
- •60. Ask 10 questions based on the text “The jaws” and answer them (work in pairs).
- •65. Read the text for general understanding. Pay attention to the first sentence of each paragraph. Make the plan of the text. Bones. Formation and Structure
- •66. Find in the text English equivalents for these words and word combinations:
- •67. Read the text once again. Put the questions in the order they are answered in the text, then answer the questions.
- •68. Read the text. The Systems of the Body
- •69. Correct the sentences according to the text.
- •70. State the function of every system described in the text.
- •71. Put the questions in the order they are answered in the text, then answer the questions.
- •72. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the functions of infinitives.
- •73. Join the sentences, using the infinitive in the function of the adverbial modifier of purpose. Then translate the sentences.
- •74. Translate the sentences with infinitives in the function of attribute.
- •75. Join the parts of the table to make up sentences about the role of famous scientists in the history of medicine.
- •76. Answer the questions.
- •77. Prepare a report (10 – 12 sentences) about life and work of one of the great anatomists.
- •78. Read and reproduce the jokes.
- •79. Practice reading the tongue-twisters.
- •80. Poems and rhymes to enjoy.
31. Match the Latin and English medical terms:
1. cervix a) backbone
2. clavicle b) limb
3. sternum c) skull
4. scapula d) upper jaw
5. cranium e) collar-bone
6. thorax f) neck
7. maxilla g) breastbone
8. vertebral column h) thigh bone
9. coccyx i) lower jaw
10. ulna j) cheek-bone
11. tibia k) chest
12. extremity l) shoulder-blade
13. femur m) shin-bone
14. zygomatic n) elbow bone
15. mandible o) kneecap
16. patella p) tailbone
32. Answer the questions.
1. What is the bony framework of the body called?
2. What is the function(s) of the bones?
3. What parts is the skeleton divided into?
4. The skull consists of two parts, doesn’t it?
5. What bones is the cranium formed by?
6. What cavities are there in the skull?
7. What do we call the central axis of the body?
8. Under what names are the vertebrae grouped?
9. What does the spinal column contain?
10. What is the chest composed of?
11. How many vertebrae form the coccyx?
12. Why do we say that lower and upper limbs are constructed after a common type?
13. What is the upper extremity attached to the trunk by?
14. What does the shoulder girdle consist of?
15. What bones are there in the upper extremity?
16. Why do we have 14 phalanges in the hand?
17. How many bones does the wrist have?
18. What is the pelvis composed of?
19. How is the lower extremity attached to the trunk?
20. What bones do the thigh and leg include?
21. How many bones does the foot have?
22. How are the bones connected together?
33. Match the bones with the proper parts of the body.
1. shoulder-blade A. head
2. breastbone B. chest
3. rib C. upper extremity
4. ischium D. lower extremity
5. patella E. pelvis
6. ethmoid bone
7. tarsals
8. elbow bone
9. humerus
10. maxillary bone
11. collar-bone
12. phalanges
13. ilium
14. shin-bone
15. cheek-bone
16. coccyx
34. Match the groups of ribs with their descriptions.
1. true ribs a) three pairs of ribs are connected with each other and with the breastbone
2. false ribs b) two pairs of ribs are connected neither with the breastbone nor with other ribs
3. floating ribs c) seven pairs of ribs are connected with the breastbone
35. Complete the sentences:
1. The bones of the trunk are the ... .
2. The spinal column consists of the ... , ... , ... , ... parts and the ... .
3. The cranial cavity is formed by ... .
4. The bones of the facial part are ... .
5. The skull is connected with the ... .
6. The cranial cavity contains ... .
7. The leg (голень) is composed of ... .
8. The 11th and 12th ribs are not ... .
9. The upper extremity includes ... .
10. The spinal cord is ... .
11. The pelvic cavity is formed by ... .
12. The mandible is the only facial bone ... .
13. All the ribs are attached to ... .
36. Say whether it’s true or false. Give your reasons.
1. There are 32 vertebrae in the spinal column.
2. The shoulder girdle consists of the shoulderblade in front and the collar-bone behind.
3. The sacral vertebrae are the largest and the strongest ones.
4. There are 6 coccygeal vertebrae.
5. The breastbone is composed of 2 parts.
6. All the ribs are connected with the breastbone by cartilages.
7. Each rib is composed of a head, body, neck and arch.
8. There are three cavities in the skull.
9. The thigh bone is the longest in the human body.
10. The kneecap is the bone at the front of the knee.
11. The thumb has 3 phalanges.
12. The coccyx is a fused bone.