Конструкция “to be going to”

Эта конструкция – одно из средств выражения действий в будущем.

1. Она передает намерения, касающиеся будущего и переводится «собираться делать что-то». Это уже запланированное решение.

E.g. + She is going to look for a new job.

- I’m not going to wait.

? Are your friends going to come today?

2. Она передает действия, которые неизбежны и произойдут в ближайшем будущем. E.g. Look at those big black clouds! It is going to rain. I have a terrible headache. I’m going to have a bad day today. Look out! You’re going to fall!

will	be going to
Более официальный	Более неформальный
Менее зависимый от нынешней ситуации, прогноз, решение, принятое в момент речи, мнение.	Употребляется, когда что-то указывает на то, что это действие должно произойти или оно запланировано.
Pollution will get worse in 20 years. Cars will run on solar power.	We are going to visit France. When are you going to leave?

Ex.66. Fill in the blanks with the affirmative or negative form of be going to.

1. Watch out! You … hit him! 2. Hurry up! We … miss the bus. 3. I am exhausted! I … take a nap. 4. Watch her, Jack! She … fall into the pool! 5. He … attend a swimming pool.

Ex.67. Match the phrases from 2 columns.

1. Christine just called. She’s coming over for dinner.	Great!I’ll cook. Great! I’m going to cook.
2. What are you doing with that camera?	I’ll take your picture. I’m going to take your picture.
3. Do you need a ride home today?	No, thanks. Jason will take me home. No, thanks. Jason’s going to take me home.
4. We don’t have a thing to eat in the house.	A. I’ll call up and order a pizza. B. I’m going to call up and order a pizza.
5. Why are you meeting Jane in the library tonight?	A. She’ll help me with my homework. B. She’s going to help me with my homework.
6. Are you off the phone yet?	A. I’ll be off in a minute. B. I’m going to be off in a minute.
7. Why did she break the date for Saturday night?	A. Her parents will take her away for the weekend. B. Her parents are going to take her away for the weekend.

The Future Continuous

shall be + the Present Participle (V₄)

will

+ He will be walking past the store as usual.

- He will not be walking past the store.

? Will he be walking past the store as usual?

Это время употребляется в 2 основных случаях:

1 для выражения длительного действия в определенный момент в будущем.

2 для выражения действия или события, которое было запланировано заранее или происходит в ходе обычного курса событий. You will recognize me easily. I’ll be wearing a straw hat and a blue dress.

Ex.68. Match the phrases and the explanation. Translate them.

1. I’ll be waiting for you. Settled?	a) решение, принятое в момент речи
2. I’ll be working in the library the whole day tomorrow.	b) длительное действие в определенный момент в будущем.
3. I’ll be seeing Jane this afternoon; you know I haven’t seen her for ages.	c) происходит в ходе обычного курса событий
4. Don’t be in a hurry, I’ll wait.	d)запланированное решение
5. You’ll be passing by the chemist’s, buy me this medicine, please.	e) решение, принятое в момент речи
6. What will you be doing tomorrow after 6?	f)запланированное решение

Ex.69. Use the Future Continuous or the Future Simple.

1. Sit down and fasten your seat belts. We (take off) in a few minutes. 2. Do you think you still (work) her in ten years’ time? 3. They (reach) the top of the mountain at this time tomorrow? 4. I (work) as a teacher next year. 5. I (wait) for you at the theatre at 6 p.m. tomorrow. 7. They (have) a party on Saturday as usual. 8. I wonder what she (do) tomorrow at this time. 9. When you come back I still (copy) the text, it’s so big. 10. At 8.30 tomorrow she (fly) to Manchester. 11. What you (do) at 9 a.m. on Monday?

The Future Perfect

will have V₃

+ He will have changed jobs by next year.

- He won’t have changed jobs by next year.

? Will he have changed jobs by next year?

Употребление Future perfect:

Future perfect используется при описании действия, которое будет завершено к некоторому моменту времени в будущем.

I’ll have finished the work before you come back — Я закончу работу до того, как ты вернешься.

Many natural resources will have disappeared by the end of the century — Многие природные ресурсы исчезнут к концу этого века.

Towards the end of the month a year will have elapsed from the time when we launched the project.— К концу месяца пройдет год с того времени, когда мы начали этот проект.

Указатели времени:

by … - к …, к тому времени, когда …

before - до того, как …

Ex.70. Translate into Russian. 1. She will have forgotten this long address before she gets to the place. 2. The conference will have finished by 4 p.m. 2. By next year she will have worked here for twenty years. 3. Will he have recovered by the day the concert begins? 4. They will have packed up the artifacts before the truck comes. 5. They will have been partners for ten years by next May and will sign another big contract next year. 6. If the plane is delayed they will have missed the party by the evening.

The Future Perfect Continuous

will have been V_ing

+ They will have been traveling for two weeks by next Monday.

- They will not have been traveling for two weeks by next Monday.

? Will they have been traveling for two weeks by next Monday?

Употребление Future perfect continuous:

Future perfect continuous используется при описании действия, которое начнется до некоторого момента времени в будущем и все еще будет находиться в процессе развития к этому моменту времени. By the end of October he will have been working in the company for 20 years — К концу октября он будет работать в этой компании уже 20 лет. Rob will have been waiting for him for half an hour by then — К тому времени Роб уже будет ждать его полчаса.

Future perfect continuous практически не употребляется с глаголами состояния. Это время редко употребляется в речи.

Ex.71. Revision. Complete this conversation with phrases from the box. Use each phrase denoting future only once.

anticipate are on the point of expect guarantee to hopes to is about to is likely to is sure to plans to should

mary When do Brian’s exams start, then?

anna Well, he (1)…. start them. The first one is tomorrow in fact.

mary Do you (2)… him to do well?

anna We think he will. He's taking nine subjects, and he's quite optimistic. He (3) … pass at least six of them – he’s very good at those six subjects. We think that he (4) .. pass two of the others: French and art – he’s studied very hard, but he’s not naturally gifted in those subjects! We’ve got no hopes at all for music. He (5) … fail it. I don’t know why the school entered him for it.

mary What does he want to do next year?

anna That depends. If he does well, he (6) … stay on at school for two years and study sciences.

mary Can he stay at the same school?

anna Well, that’s the problem. No, he can’t, because his school only takes pupils up to sixteen. But we’ve just heard that they (7) … opening the new sixth form college in Fareham. We (8)… being able to send him there, but we don’t know for certain.

mary And if he doesn’t pass enough of the exams?

anna Well, he might leave and look for a job. Sandy - you know, my elder sister - says she (9) .. have a vacancy for a trainee in her business, but obviously she can’t (10) … take him. We’ll just have to see.