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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (3)

Parliament comprises the House of Lords and the House of Commons, together with the Queen in her constitutional role. The Lords is made up of …………………………………………………….. and the two archbishops and 24 most senior bishops of the established Church of England. The Commons is the elected House, …………………………………………….. (MPs), each representing a local constituency area.

The two-chamber system has long been feature of British parliamentary government, although over the years the balance between the two Houses has undergone a complete change. In modern practice the centre of parliamentary power is in ………………….…. . Limitations on the Lords’ powers of legislative veto are based on the belief that the main function of the House is to complement the Commons and not to rival it.

General elections to choose MPs and the next Government must be held at least ……………. . Voting, which is not compulsory, is by secret ballot and is from the age of 18.

Under the traditional two-party system governments are formed by the party, which has ……………………….. in the Commons. The leader of the government, the Prime Minister, chooses a number of ministers, including 20 or so in the cabinet. The second largest party traditionally forms …………………………….. with its own leader and ‘shadow cabinet’. Ministers are collectively responsible for government decisions, and individually responsible for their own departments.

Local government is carried out by ……………………………….., which deal with planning and housing, education, personal services, police, fire brigades and many other local services. The authorities are given their power …………………………. and have considerable freedom to govern local affairs in their own way.

Vocabulary Exercises

3. Find the words in the text below that mean:

- to consist

- the area represented by a Member of Parliament

- restrictions

- not obligatory

- together

- to concern

- to compete

4. Fill in the appropriate word(s) from the list, then make sentences using the completed phrases.

hereditary and life, most senior, established, undergo, complement, fire, shadow, government

the …………….. bishops ……………… peers

to ……………… a complete change the ………….. Church

the …………….. cabinet ……………… decisions

………………… brigades to …………… the Commons

5. Fill in the correct prepositions, then make sentences using the completed phrases.

1 to be made …. ….; 2 to be based …. smth.; 3 to be formed …. the party; 4 to be responsible ….; 5 to be held …. secret ballot; 6 to be carried …. ….; 7 to govern …. one’s own way.

Speaking

6. Make up 8 sentences and try to say each of them by heart.

1. The powers of the Queen

1. direct national policy.

2. The bodies of the legislature consist of

2. is the House of Lords.

3. The bodies of the executive consist of

3. usually takes policy decisions with the agreement of his Cabinet.

4. The entire constitutional and state apparatus

4. is in the hands of the tiny section of rich property owners.

5. The Cabinet and other ministers of the Crown

5. the Cabinet and other ministers of the Crown, government departments, local authorities and *statutory boards.

6. The Prime Minister

6. control many services at the local level.

7. The highest judicial body

7. are hereditary, not elective.

8. Local authorities

8. the House of Lords and the House of Commons, together with the Queen.

* statutory boards are responsible for the operation of particular nationalized industries or public services.

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