- •Учебно-методическое пособие
- •Supplementary Reading
- •Great britain (I)
- •1. What do you know about Great Britain? Here is a short test. Choose the correct answer.
- •2. There are a lot of international words, which are used in the text below. Look through the words and put them into the correct boxes: nouns and adjectives. Try to guess their meaning.
- •3. Read the text about the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and explain the words and word combinations in bold. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1)
- •4. Complete this chart with information from the text in Ex.3. Then speak about the country.
- •5. Read the text below, translate it, using a dictionary and try to remember the words and word combinations in bold. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (2)
- •6. Read the two texts again and circle the correct answer.
- •Vocabulary Exercises
- •7. Find the English equivalents of the following words and phrases in the text above, then make sentences using them.
- •8. Fill in the correct word(s) from the list.
- •9.A) Answer the following questions.
- •9.B) Speak about the parts of the uk, the history of their unification and the difficulties of their peaceful co-existence.
- •10. Look through the information about Great Britain in Ex. 4. Make another chart like this and fill it with the details of your own country. Write a simple introduction to your country.
- •Britain and the British
- •Great britain (II)
- •2. Some fragments of the sentences have been removed from the text. Choose from the fragments the one, which fits each gap.
- •The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (3)
- •Vocabulary Exercises
- •9. Look through the text above, then close your books and try to complete the following sentences.
- •9. Answer the questions and speak about the diversity of theory and practice concerning English constitutional law.
- •10. Write a short commentary concerning Russian constitutional law.
- •Great Britain Quiz
- •The usa (I)
- •1. In this unit you’re going to learn about a turning point in American history, but there are lots of famous dates in the history of the usa. Match the date to the important event.
- •2. Read a short article about the United States of America. Then match the words in bold to the definitions.
- •3. Match the opposites.
- •4. Copy the chart in Ex.4, p.4 and complete it with information from the text. Then speak about the usa.
- •5. Read the article about the United States of America and translate it, using a dictionary. Then try to remember the words in bold.
- •6. Mark the sentences as t (true), f (false) or d (don’t know).
- •Vocabulary Exercises
- •The usa (II)
- •Vocabulary Exercises
- •3. Fill in the appropriate word(s) from the list, then make sentences using the completed phrases.
- •4. A) Match the English and Russian equivalents.
- •4. B) Fill in the correct word(s) from the list.
- •5. Read the text again, then make notes under these headings. Use your notes to talk about the Constitution of the United States of America.
- •6. You are going to read a text about us Congress. Five sentences have been removed from the text. Choose the sentence (a - e), which fits each gap.
- •Congress
- •Vocabulary Exercises
- •7.A) Find the English equivalents of the following words and phrases in the text, then make sentences using them.
- •7.B). Underline the correct words in bold.
- •8. Match a) the synonyms b) the antonyms.
- •9. Close your books and try to complete the following sentences.
- •10. Analyse the main differences between the English and American Constitutions in written form.
- •America the beautiful
- •The usa (III)
- •3. Read the text again and circle the correct answer.
- •Vocabulary Exercises
- •4. Fill in the correct word(s) from the list.
- •5. Find the words in the text above that mean:
- •6. Find the different word in each line and explain why it is the odd one out as in the example.
- •7. Read the text again, then make notes under these headings. Use your notes to talk about the President of the United States.
- •8. Read a short paragraph about the elections and some functions of the Russian President. Are there any differences between those of American President?
- •9. Fill in the correct prepositions, then make sentences using the completed phrases.
- •10. Compare and contrast the elections and some functions of the Russian and American Presidents in written form. Use the following useful expressions. Start like this:
- •20. A system of government or organization in which the citizens or members choose leaders or make other important decisions by voting.
- •Vocabulary Exercises
- •3. Fill in the correct word(s) from the list.
- •Speaking
- •4. Read the text again and explain the functions of different types of courts in England and Wales.
- •5. Read the text and decide which answer a, b, c or d best fits each space. There is an example at the beginning (0). The Federal Judiciary in the u.S.
- •6. Work in pairs. Make 10 questions to the text. Let your group mates answer them.
- •9. Read the following text and explain the word(s) in bold. Then check your answers in Ex.1. And speak about the people in the court, their duties and functions.
- •In the Court
- •10. You’re a reporter for the local newspaper. Write an article with full names, ages, addresses and details of the case you’ve heard in the court.
- •Justice and law (I) Warm up Activities
- •1. Read the following sayings. Are they logical? What do you think of them?
- •Justice and Law in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- •Vocabulary Exercises
- •3. Match the Russian to the English equivalents.
- •4. Fill in the appropriate word(s) from the list, then make sentences using the completed phrases.
- •5. Read the text again and circle the correct answer.
- •6. Make notes under these headings. Use your notes to talk about justice and law in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
- •7. Read the text and translate it into Russian, using a dictionary. Then try to remember the words in bold. Kinds of Cases
- •Vocabulary Exercises
- •8. Give English equivalents for the following words and word combinations, then make sentences using them.
- •9.A) Fill in the gaps with the appropriate word(s) from the list below:
- •9.B) Fill in the gaps with the prepositions:
- •Vocabulary Exercises
- •2. Find the English equivalents in the text and remember them.
- •3. Give the Russian equivalents.
- •4. Match the synonyms.
- •5. Fill in the appropriate word(s) from the list, then make sentences using the completed phrases.
- •6. Complete the sentences with one of the words given below.
- •7. Give your definition of the following people:
- •8. Answer the questions on the text.
- •9. Use the questions in Ex. 8 as a plan to talk about the criminal justice process in the usa.
- •10. Use the questions in Ex. 8 as a plan to write about the criminal justice process in Russia.
- •What are these?
- •Supplementary Reading Text 1. This is britain
- •Text 2. The suffragette movement
- •Text 3. This is the usa
- •Text 4. Us constitution
- •Text 5. The english and american constitutions
- •Text 6. English criminal law
- •Text 7. The garden city of asia
- •Text 8. A very beautiful story
- •Part 1.
- •Part 2.
4. Fill in the appropriate word(s) from the list, then make sentences using the completed phrases.
similar, against, offences, bring offenders, parliamentary, strict, keep, victims, civil, improve, innocent, special
-
to ……………….
to trial
………………….
the community
………………….
law
………………….
procedure
legislation
to………………..
relations
to ……………….
the peace
………………….
of violent crime
systems
to………………..
prevent
to ……………….
presume
………………….
juvenile courts
5. Read the text again and circle the correct answer.
1. There is a single system of law in
England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland.
England, Wales and Scotland.
England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
2. Keeping the peace and bringing offenders to trial are primarily the concern of the
a) police.
b) government.
c) people.
3. In Scotland the police
a) initiate most prosecutions.
b) charge an arrested person.
c) make the preliminary investigations.
4. The more serious cases take place
a) before a jury of ordinary, independent citizens.
b) before children.
c) before practicing barristers, advocates or solicitors.
5. In cases of murder the sentence is
a) life imprisonment.
b) the penalty.
c) suspended.
Speaking
6. Make notes under these headings. Use your notes to talk about justice and law in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The sources of the law
The concern of the police
Judges
Criminal trials
The branches of the legal profession
Reading
7. Read the text and translate it into Russian, using a dictionary. Then try to remember the words in bold. Kinds of Cases
The cases can be criminal, civil, or both.
Civil Cases. Civil cases are usually disputes between or among private citizens, corporations, governments, government agencies, and other organizations. Most often, the party bringing the suit is asking for money damages for some wrong that has been done. People who have been injured may sue a person or a company they, feel is responsible for the injury.
The party bringing the suit is called the plaintiff, the party being sued is called the defendant. There may be many plaintiffs or many defendants in the same case.
The plaintiff starts the lawsuit by filing a paper called a complaint, in which the case against the defendant is stated. The next paper filed is usually the answer, in which the defendant disputes what the plaintiff has said in the complaint. The defendant may also feel that there has been a wrong committed by the plaintiff, in which case a counterclaim will be filed along with the answer. It is up to the plaintiff to prove the case against the defendant. In most civil cases the plaintiff’s burden is to prove the case by a preponderance of evidence, that is, that the plaintiff’s version of what happened in the case is more probably true than not true.
Jury verdicts do not need to be unanimous in civil cases.
Criminal Cases. A criminal case is brought by the state or by a city or county against a person or persons accused of having committed a crime. The state, city, or county is called the plaintiff; the accused person is called the defendant. The charge against the defendant is called an information or a complaint. The defendant has pleaded not guilty and you should presume the defendant's innocence unless the plaintiff proves the defendant guilty. The plaintiff’s burden of proof is greater in a criminal case than in a civil case. In each criminal case you hear the judge will tell you all the elements of the crime that the plaintiff must prove; the plaintiff must prove each of these elements beyond reasonable doubt before the defendant can be found guilty.
In criminal cases the verdict must be unanimous, that is, all jurors must agree that the defendant is guilty in order to overcome the presumption of innocence.
In Russia the right to trial by a jury is possible only if the punishment is going to be severe (life imprisonment or death penalty).