United European army was awaiting not having made a single step.

Longed-for morning passed and the battle hasn't begun yet. Attila delayed perhaps until midday being a prey to doubts. He kept silent looking into the sky, as well as Aetsius. "Flight is sadder than fall", - the great Kipchak broke his silence at last and gave an order when the sun has already risen high.

Единой европейской армии ждала, не сделавшее ни одного шага.

      Желанный утром прошло, и сражение еще ​​не началось. Аттила задерживается, возможно, до полудня будучи жертвой сомнения. Он молчал, глядя в небо, а также Aetsius. "Полет печальнее, чем падение", - великие Кипчак нарушил свое молчание, наконец, и отдал приказ, когда солнце уже поднялось высоко.

With "Hurrah!" battle-cry (which meant "beat!", "strike down!" in Kipchak language) the riders rushed to the attack. The battle was happening like an outburst, like a sudden storm. Aetsius, the foster child of Attila himself, was aware of fighting tactics of the steppe inhabitants; he has calculated everything rightly. The attack was stopped.

С "Ура!" Боевой клич (что означает "бить!", "сразить!" в Кипчаке языке) всадников бросились в атаку. Сражение происходило, как вспышка, как внезапная буря. Aetsius, приемным ребенком Аттилы себя, знал о борьбе с тактикой степняков, он рассчитал все правильно. Нападение было остановлено.

Nothing of that kind has ever happened to Attila. The Kipchaks were taken aback. That was the first time they had to recede.

Ничего подобного никогда не случалось, чтобы Аттилы.Кипчаки были захвачены врасплох. Это был первый раз, когда они были отступить.

And at that time their tsar showed former wisdom: he settled down himself. That was perhaps the most difficult victory in his life - the victory over himself. In a little while he went to his troops and found all necessary words. His brief phrases inflamed Kipchak hearts like the sounds of a slashing saber:

А в это время их царь показал, бывший мудрость: он поселился сам. Это был, пожалуй, самым трудным победу в своей жизни - победу над самим собой. Через некоторое время он пошел к своим войскам и нашел все необходимые слова. Его краткие фразы воспаление сердца Кипчак как звуки рубить саблей:

"Defence is the sign of fear".

"That one is brave who strikes a blow".

"Revenge is the great gift of nature".

"Recover your spirit and let your fury boil up".

"The arrows can't reach the one longing for victory".

"Оборона является признаком страха".

      "Тот, кто храбр наносит удар".

      "Месть это великий дар природы».

      "Восстановить ваш дух и пусть ваш гнев вскипеть".

      "Стрелки не могут достичь одного тоска по победой".

"The one being calm when Attila is fighting has been already buried" - these words completed the speech. He took his saber out of the sheath, struck with it showing an equilateral cross above the troops and uttered silently: "Alla bilae" ("God save us!", "Godspeed us" in Turkic).

"Тот, будучи спокойным, когда Аттила сражается уже похоронили», - эти слова завершила выступление. Он взял саблю из ножен, ударил его показывать равносторонний крест над войсками и произнес тихо: "Алла bilae" ("Боже, спаси нас!", "Бог в нас" по-тюркски).

"Saryn kyocchak" - the commanders pealed in reply, and their exclamation ("Saryn kyochak" means "hail to the braves" in Turkic, it is a slogan to rush to the attack (thus a Russian proverb which means "the crowd should be on the prow").) drowned in a furious "Hurrah" of the whole army.

"Сарын kyocchak" - командиры гремел в ответ, и их восклицания ("Сарын kyochak" означает "Да здравствует воинов" в тюркских, это лозунг броситься в атаку (таким образом, русская пословица, что означает "толпа должна быть на носу ").) утонул в ярость" на ура "всей армии.

In a moment everything was mixed up. Battle-cries, luster of the sabers and the dust over the rushing riders, - the world was turning over. "Alla bilae! Alla bilae" was thundering over Katalaun Fields, the sun and the sky were then reflecting in Turkic hats. Thus the battle with united European army was happening in the right way.

В одно мгновение все смешалось. Боевые крики, блеск сабель и пылью торопится всадников, - мир был переворачивая. "Алла bilae! Алла bilae" гремел над полями Katalaun, солнце и небо было то, отражающие в тюркских шляпы. Таким образом, борьба с единой европейской армии, что происходит в правильном направлении.

Tens of thousands of corpses remained there. Steppe inhabitants returned to their camp late at night - tired but happy. In the morning, having shown the mercy upon the Romans, Attila generously let the remains of their army go away, which was estimated by the European historians in their own way. Who's going to recognize its defeat even in a lost war? And the historians made Attila the looser and Aetsius, who has been defeated by him, was proclaimed a winner. His victory is really odd! One can even believe in it not being aware of the continuation.

Десятки тысяч трупов остались там. Степь жители вернулись в свои лагеря поздно вечером - усталые, но счастливые. В первой половине дня, показав милость римлян, Аттила щедро пусть остатки своей армии уходят, которая была оценена европейскими историками по-своему. Кто собирается признавать свое поражение даже в проигранной войны? И историки сделали Аттила слабее и Aetsius, который был побежден его словам, был объявлен победителем. Его победа действительно странно! Можно даже верить в это, не зная о продолжении.

And the continuation was grave: the "loser" Turki moved his troops against Rome. He, "having been defeated", passed over the towns of Northern Italy leaving the ruins in place of them. The emperor's deputation headed by Lion I, the Pope, was waiting for him near Rome.

И продолжение было серьезно: "неудачник" тюрк двинул свои войска против Рима. Он: "Потерпев поражение", прошли по городам Северной Италии оставляя руины на месте из них. Депутация императора во главе с Lion я, папа, ждал его недалеко от Рима.

In the Ambulei Field the emperor's deputation begged Attila to bury the hatchet. They were ready for everything not to have another massacre in their town. The Pope fell down on his knees raising an equilateral cross - the symbol of the Kipchak culture - above him. The same cross was on Attila's flags. Thus Rome acknowledged the superiority of the Turki.

В поле Ambulei депутация императора просить Аттилу, чтобы зарыть топор войны. Они были готовы на все, чтобы не иметь другого резню в их городе.Папа упал на колени, повышение равносторонний крест - символ культуры Кипчак - над ним. Тот же крест был на флагах Аттилы. Таким образом, Рим признал превосходство тюрков.

Laconic Attila, intending to humiliate Valentinian, the Roman emperor, demanded to bring Gonoria, his sister, with the part of the property due to her… Rome has become "an Eternal City" since then, and Attila started his way home with a heavy spoil having the stained European capital behind him.

Лаконичный Аттила, намереваясь унизить Валентина, римского императора, с требованием привести Gonoria, его сестра, с частью имущества в связи с ее ... Рим стал "Вечный город" с тех пор, и Аттила начал путь домой с тяжелым портить имеющих окрашенные европейской столицы за ним.

The record of the battle, as well as the record of a symphony allows reproduction of the chords of that great music of life in a thousand years. War, the same as love, death or a song was and remains the satellite of man. Having realized that, the ancient Turki brought up the youth in their particular way. For example a youth not having passed the military training was forbidden to marry in the Great Steppe. Wars and warriors were especially respected in the Great Steppe; special history was kept in relation to them. They were able to estimate the outcome of any battle.

Запись боя, а также запись симфонии позволяет воспроизведение аккорды этой великой музыки жизни в тысячу лет. Война, так же, как любовь, смерть или песня была и остается спутником человека. Поняв, что древние тюрки воспитывали молодежь в их определенным образом. Например, молодежь не прошедшим военную подготовку было запрещено вступать в брак в Великой степи. Войны и воины были особенно уважают в Великой Степи, особая история была сохранена по отношению к ним. Они были в состоянии оценить исход любого сражения.

The battle of Kataluan is not an exception.

Битва Kataluan не является исключением.

Why weren't the European authors embarrassed by the fact that "defeated" Attila razed the Northern Italy and Gaul to the ground? That only recognition of the Turkic cross by Lion I, the Pope, saved Rome from destruction? That Valentinian the emperor, the glorious "winner", violated the sanctity of his sister himself?..

Почему не были европейские авторы смущает тот факт, что "победил" Аттила разрушил Северной Италии и Галлии на землю? Вот только признание тюркского крест лев я, папа, спасли Рим от разрушения? Это Валентиниана императора, славный "победитель", нарушили неприкосновенность его сестра самого себя? ..

And they call it HISTORY? People get knowledge from poisoned sources and pass it to their children. And the latter will never be proud of their glorious ancestors.

И они называют это история? Люди получают знания от отравленного источника и передать его своим детям. И последний никогда не будет гордиться своим славным предкам.

Let's consider for a moment: according to Jordan, Attila's army counted half a million warriors, and after him up to three million of people came to Europe (that the general proportion of army and population - 1:5, 1:7). But I doubt whether more people lived in the rest of Europe.

It turns out every second European has Turkic roots!..

Давайте на минуту: в соответствии с Иорданией, армия Аттилы считали полумиллиона воинов, а вслед за ним до трех миллионов людей пришли в Европу (что общая доля армию и население - 1:5, 1:7). Но я сомневаюсь, что все больше людей жили в остальной Европе.

      Оказывается, каждый второй европеец имеет тюркские корни! ..

Until IV century, i.e. until the Great Nations Migration, most part of European lands remained empty, there were no many settlements on them. And while later, for different reasons, European Turki changed their language and belief, not everybody was able to rid themselves of appearance and customs of their ancestors. Blue-eyed, white-haired, a little bit broad faced - they remained as the Kipchaks should be… A common mirror would remind them of the past.

До IV века, то есть до Великого переселения народов, большая часть европейских земель оставалась пустой, не было многих населенных пунктах на них. И хотя позже, по разным причинам, европейские тюрки изменили свой язык и веру, не всем удалось избавиться от внешности и обычаи своих предков. Голубоглазый, седой, немного широкая сталкиваются - они оставались кипчаки должно быть ... общее зеркало напомнит им о прошлом.

What does it reflect? It reflects that there is no and there has never been "ethnic purity" in Europe. Integral tissues cannot be found neither in Germany, neither in France, neither in Italy, neither in Spain nor in England - nowhere! Europe is sewed of "ethnic rags". And that's natural.

Что это отражает? Она отражает, что нет и никогда не было "этнической чистоты" в Европе. Интегральная ткани не может быть найден ни в Германии, ни во Франции, ни в Италии, ни в Испании, ни в Англии - никуда! Европа пошит из "этнических тряпки". И это естественно.

Bavarians, Austrians, Saxons, Englishmen used to understand Kipchak language sometimes, they've been hearing it from their very infancy. It was native for the Serbs, Croatians, Bulgarians, Ukrainians, Cossacks, Hungarians and Czechs… And can the Savoys or Burgundies, for example, be treated as the French while Turkic blood is running in their veins? These were the Turkic khans who led them to Gaul from Altai.

Баварцев, австрийцев, саксонцев, англичане использовали, чтобы понять Кипчак языке иногда, они слышали ее от своих очень зачаточном состоянии. Это был родным для сербов, хорватов, болгар, украинцев, казаков, венгры и чехи ... А может Savoys или Бургундии, например, рассматривается как французский в то время как тюркская кровь течет в их жилах? Это были тюркские ханы, которые привели их в Галлию с Алтая.

That's right, they've forgotten their native language, but they haven't forgotten the traditions of their ancestors!.. The symbol of Turkic culture - equilateral cross - is still present on the flags there; Turkic symbols are vividly seen in armory.

Here it is, the Finger of God!

Это верно, они забыли свой ​​родной язык, но они не забыли традиции своих предков! ..Символ тюркской культуры - равносторонний крест - по-прежнему присутствует на флагах там, тюркские символы ярко проявилось в оружейную.

      Вот он, перст Божий!

And sacred places also cannot be forgotten! In Southern England (Sutton-Who) the tsar's barrow is known, it was raised in VI century. In whose honor? And after all, how did the barrows appear in England while neither Britons nor Celts - the natives of the isles - have never built them… living traces of Time?!

И священные места также не может быть забыт! В Южной Англии (Sutton-ВОЗ) царский курган, как известно, он был воспитан в VI веке. В чью честь? И в конце концов, как же курганы появляются в Англии в то время как ни британцы, ни кельты - коренные жители острова - никогда не строил их жизни ... следы времени?

And that happens not only on the British Isles. It is also happening in Bulgaria - the barrows are also found there and Kipchak culture, which became "Slavic" all of a sudden, dominates there. And where have the Bulgarian khans - Asparukh (Isperikh, to put it more preciously) and others - gone to? Where has the Great Bulgaria chaganat, which was a part of Desht-I-Kipchak, disappear?.. The same questioned can be asked about Kurbat-khan and his ulus - today's Croatians. Their barrows and ancient temples are quite the same as Turkic, steppe ones… Doesn't Hungary put anybody to a nonplus for its inhabitants - the sekels (seklers) - the nation having been speaking Turkic language and writing in runes until XVI century? "Seklers" meant "keepers" in ancient Turkic, and they really were the warders, the warriors, as well as Russian Cossacks. In a word, the early history of the Balkans doesn't give rise to any doubts concerning its origin.

И это происходит не только на Британских островах. Это также происходит в Болгарии - курганы встречаются и там, и Кипчака культуру, которая стала «Славянский» вдруг, доминирует там. А где болгарских ханов - Аспарух (Исперих, выражаясь более бережно) и другие - пошли? Куда Великой Болгарии каганата, которая была частью Дешт-и-Кипчак, исчезнуть? .. То же самое может быть сомнение вопрос о Курбат-хана и его улуса - хорваты сегодня. Их курганы и древние храмы совсем то же самое, как тюркские, степные них ... Не Венгрия ставить никого в тупик для его жителей - sekels (seklers) - нация будучи говоря тюркского языка и письменности в рунах до XVI века? "Seklers" означает "Хранители" в древних тюркских, и они действительно были надзирателями, воинов, а также русские казаки. Одним словом, в начале истории Балкан не вызывает никаких сомнений относительно его происхождения.

Imperceptible becomes visible. For example, one can have a look at cheese production in French Savoy and become astonished. That is the steppe cheese! Apart form the Turki no other nation of the world produces cheese that way. And they make halva (chakchak) exactly in a Turkic way. And they boil beshbarmak (khinkal) for holidays, but they call it otherwise - in French manner…

Незаметный становится видимым. Например, можно посмотреть на производство сыра по-французски Savoy и стать поражен. То есть степь сыра! Помимо формы тюрки никакая другая нация в мире производится сыр таким образом. И они делают халву (Чакчак) именно в тюркском пути. И они сводятся бешбармак (хинкал) на праздники, но они называют это иначе - французский манер ...

National cookery is the most conservative element of national culture. People can forget everything but their favorite food.

Национальная кулинария является наиболее консервативным элементом национальной культуры. Люди могут забыть все, но их любимая еда

Everything has got mixed up, indeed. But the traces of the past remained. People are those traces. Although forgetful, but still they are the people. Turkic voice hasn't faded out; no, it remained and it is just keeping silence in blood of certain Europeans who haven't got the slightest idea of their ancestors… "Respect your parents" - these were the basic words of the Turkic society some time. And all the rest went after that. The man respecting his ancestors was the top of priorities, he was the only one having the right for respect.

Здесь все смешалось, в самом деле. Но следы прошлого остались. Люди эти следы. Хотя забывчивым, но все же они люди. Тюркских голос не затемнены, нет, она осталась и она просто молчала в крови некоторых европейцев, которые не получили ни малейшего представления о своих предках ... "Уважайте своих родителей" - это были основные слова тюркского общества некоторое время. А все остальные пошли после этого. Человек, уважая его предков был главным приоритетов, он был единственным, имеющим право на уважение.

If one takes a look at the map being two thousand years old he may find that western world looked a little bit wild. It huddled in the backyard of human civilization. Only those countries having close contacts with the East (the country between two rivers, India, China) could claim to leadership within the bounds of the cultural Europe.

Если взять посмотреть на карте быть двух тысяч лет, он может обнаружить, что западный мир выглядел немного дикой природы. Это ютились на задворках человеческой цивилизации. Только те страны, имеющие тесные контакты с Востока (страны между двумя реками, Индия, Китай) не может претендовать на лидерство в рамках культурной Европы.

Why did Hellas become the leader? It was nearer to the East. Later Rome became the leader, having intercepted the trade routes in the Mediterranean, having pushed the Greeks aside live-giving eastern roads… In fact, European civilization was formed around the Mediterranean Sea transport was its circulatory system.

Почему Hellas стать лидером? Это было ближе к Востоку. Позже Рим стал лидером, то, перехватил торговые пути в Средиземном море, оттеснив в сторону греков жить, давая восточной дороги ... На самом деле, европейская цивилизация была сформирована вокруг Средиземного моря транспорта был ее кровеносной системы.

They used to construct ships in Greece and in Rome. They were the only ones having relations with other countries increasing the power of the state. That's why the borders of Hellas lay not far from the sea - as a rule, big towns were built on the shores. Romans made "all the roads lead to Rome" but there were two or three those roads at most, heavy and unwieldy carriages and slaves with load on their shoulders could be met there.

Они используются для построения кораблей в Греции и в Риме. Они были единственными, имеющих отношения с другими странами увеличения мощности государства. Вот почему границах Эллады лежала недалеко от моря - как правило, крупные города были построены на берегу. Римляне сделали "все дороги ведут в Рим", но там было два или три этих дорог не более, тяжелым и громоздким вагонов и рабов с грузом на их плечи можно было встретить там.

Sail was the symbol of Europe; it wasn't on friendly terms with a wheel. Thus continued until IV century when Kipchak tilt carts and wagons appeared. We should emphasize the fact that the Turki arrived not by sea as they used to "wonder" in the whole Roman Empire but by fry land! A very important detail, a matter of principle, which explains a lot. For example, why did the first Turki settle in the steppes of Central Europe. Why they didn't rush to the shore…

Парус был символом Европе, это было не дружит с колесом. Так продолжалось до IV века, когда Кипчак наклона тележки и вагоны появились. Следует подчеркнуть тот факт, что тюрки прибыл не по морю, как раньше "чудо" во всей Римской империи, но и жарить землю!Очень важная деталь, в принципе, которая многое объясняет. Например, почему первые тюрки селиться в степях Центральной Европы. Почему они не бросаются на берег

And their tilt carts were excellent. Harnessed with two or there horses, they filled the desolate spaces of deep-laid Europe. They didn't need roads. A tilt cart is a perfect technical invention of those times. Its construction is light and firm.

И их наклона тележки были превосходны. Запряженной двумя или там лошадей, они заполнили пустынные пространства глубинные Европе. Они не нужны дороги.Наклона корзину идеальное техническое изобретение тех времен. Его конструкция легкая и фирмы.

Indeed, much has been written about "wildness" of the Kipchaks and almost nothing about their technical skills. Curious "trifles" were overlooked; and those trifles explain how the Turki managed to perform what other nations haven't been able to do… Nothing happens just by accident in life. Especially if the Great Nations Migration is in question.

Действительно, многое было написано о "дикости" из кипчаков и почти ничего об их технических навыков. Любопытный «мелочи» не обращали внимания, а те, мелочи объяснить, как тюрки удалось выполнить то, что другие страны не смогли сделать ... Ничего не происходит просто случайно в жизни. Особенно, если Великого переселения народов находится под вопросом.

Neither weather nor distance were the obstacles for a covered cart. There were no barriers for it in the steppe. Hence is easiness and liveliness of the steppe nation, its fantastic vitality under hard steppe conditions - houses on wheels! No other nation could ever think about that.

Ни погода, ни расстояние было препятствий для покрытые корзину. Существовали никаких препятствий для этого в степи. Отсюда и легкость и живость степной народ, его фантастическая живучесть в сложных условиях степи - дома на колесах! Никакой другой народ мог думать об этом.

Although it was all estimated otherwise by certain Europeans: "the nomads". This verdict was brought on the Kipchaks… And after all, why were they "nomads"? Why did they have to lead a nomad's life? And could they do it in the Great Steppe with its inclement conditions?

Хотя все это было приблизительно в противном случае некоторые европейцы: "Кочевники". Этот приговор был доставлен на кипчаков ... И в конце концов, почему они "кочевниками"? Почему они должны вести жизнь кочевника? И они могут сделать это в Великой Степи с ее неблагоприятными условиями?

That's true, the Kipchaks have passed thousands of kilometers, they learnt to cook in a moving tilt cart or in a hut (izbushka - thus was a warm cart called), they invented a samovar (which has later become a "Russian samovar") for that purpose. But the goal of their long road was the settlement of vast spaces of Europe and Asia. The settlement, indeed.

Это правда, кипчаки прошли тысячи километров, они научились готовить в движущемся корзину наклоном или в хижине (избушка - таким был теплый корзину называются), они изобрели самовар (который позже стал "Русский самовар") для этой цели. Но цель их долгого пути было урегулирование огромных пространствах Европы и Азии. Поселок, в самом деле.

Than shouldn't the Europeans also be recognized as the nomads for they were populating America? Aren't they the nomads? And was Australia inhabited otherwise? By the way, these were also the Kipchaks. It is possible they remembered the past.

Чем не должно европейцы также могут быть признаны в качестве кочевников, ибо они были населяющих Америку? Разве они не кочевники? И был Австралия населенных иначе? Кстати, они же кипчаки. Вполне возможно, они вспомнили прошлое.

"Nomads" is a lame word. Nobody can tell what does it mean?

Monographs of "nomadic civilizations" have been written, the Kazakhs have invented their "nomadic theory" and pride themselves upon it. But nomadic life of the Mongols is applied also to the Turki in it and it is forgotten that in XIII century the Mongols have been destructing ancient towns in the country between seven rivers to make certain Turki change their settled way of life for nomadic. That was the destructive policy of Desht-I-Kipchak conquerors, which was lasting for centuries. Under the Mongols and under Russians as well… "Nomadic" monographs of the Kazakhs are evident recurrences of the Mongol yoke.

«Кочевники» является хромой слово. Никто не может сказать, что это значит?

      Монографии «кочевой цивилизации» были написаны, казахи придумали свои "кочевой теории" и гордятся тем, что на ней. Но кочевой образ жизни монголов применяется также к тюркам в нем, и он забыл, что в XIII веке монголы были разрушении древних городов в стране от семи рек, чтобы убедиться, тюрки изменить их оседлый образ жизни кочевых. Это была разрушительная политика Дешт-и-Кипчак завоевателей, который длился на протяжении веков. В соответствии с монголами и под русскими, а ... "Кочевая" монографий казахов очевидны рецидивы монгольского ига.

After all, any movement is a "nomadic life". Any movement. Movement of a herder's family after the herd, work of a crew of a sea craft, passages of geologists and builders. And even business trips and expeditions. And visits in the country in summer - what are they if not a nomadic life? People have always been the slaves of words and terms. The word "nomad" is a tribute to yesterday's fashion, worn out boots of Mr. Karamzin…

В конце концов, любое движение "кочевой образ жизни". Любое движение. Движение семье пастуха после того, как стада, работу экипажа корабля моря, отрывки из геологов и строителей. И даже деловых поездок и экспедиций. И визитов в страну летом - что это такое, если не кочевой образ жизни? Люди всегда были рабами слов и терминов.Слово "кочевник" является данью моде вчерашнего, изношенные ботинки г-н Карамзин ...

Another thing is more interesting - what if the Great Nations Migration hasn't been over in V century? What if settlement of America and Australia by the European migrants was a continuation thereof?! It was quite the same on the surface - covered carts, field camps, herds and flocks, permanent risk, fighting and sacred feeling of freedom.

Другое дело, более интересный - что, если Великого переселения народов не было за века V? Что делать, если заселения Америки и Австралии Европейский мигрантов была продолжением его? Это была совсем то же самое на поверхности - покрытые телеги, полевые лагеря, стада и стаи, постоянный риск, борьбу и священное чувство свободы.

And - this is probably the most important - people were the same! To tell the truth they haven't already been speaking Turkic language but it was Kipchak blood running in their veins. And certainly they were not to borrow courage. They held a bridle in one hand, a gun - in the other, and moved straight forward, to the West, the same as with Attila.

И - это, пожалуй, самое главное - люди были такими же! По правде говоря, они уже не были говорить тюркского языка, но это было Кипчак текла кровь в их жилах. И, конечно, они не должны были занимать мужества. Они держали уздечку в одной руке, пистолет - в другой, и переехал прямо вперед, на запад, так же, как с Аттилой.

All the first American settlers are the natives of Western Europe. From the regions where advance-guard of Attila's army has settled. They were the Turki, there definitely were no other nations there. Knowing that, should one be surprised by appearance, for example, of American cowboys? Their solemn devotion to a horse, their reckless boldness for which the Kipchaks have been known in Altai?... Everything has its sources.

Все первые американские поселенцы являются выходцами из Западной Европы. С тех регионов, где авангард армии Аттилы был решен. Они были тюрками, там определенно не было других наций там. Зная это, следует ли удивляться появлению, например, американских ковбоев? Их торжественное преданность лошади, их безрассудной смелостью, для которых кипчаки были известны на Алтае? ... Все имеет свои источники.

By the way, the cowboys have invented nothing new there in America, their exciting competitions are the continuation of ancient traditions of the Great Steppe.

Кстати, ковбои придумали ничего нового там, в Америке, их захватывающие соревнования являются продолжением древних традиций Великой Степи.

That's what the eyewitnesses of the events say about the life of the Kipchaks. Those who have seen them with their own eyes. For example, Prisk, the Byzantine ambassador, having visited Attila. His writings are interesting for they reproduce the "spirit of presence" of the European author having come to the Turki who had already arranged their way of life in V century.

Это то, что очевидцы событий говорят о жизни кипчаков. Те, кто видел их своими глазами. Например, Приск, византийский посол, побывав Аттилы. Его работы интересны они воспроизводят «дух присутствия» Европейского автор придя к тюркам, который уже организовал свой ​​образ жизни в V веке.

"Having crossed several rivers, Prisk wrote, - we arrived to a huge settlement where Attila's palace was located. As we were made to believe, it was far more magnificent than his palaces in other places. It was built of logs and planks skillfully polished and enclosed in a wooden fence being more suitable for its decoration than for defence".

"Имея пересекли несколько рек, Приск писал, - мы прибыли к огромному населенного пункта, где дворец Атиллы находилась Как мы заставили поверить, это было гораздо более великолепным, чем его дворцами и в других местах Он был построен из бревен и досок искусно отполированы.. и заключен в деревянный забор является более подходящим для ее украшения, чем для обороны ».

Tsar's palace was also decorated with hipped roofs, big and small towers which were rising like the guards above the fence… Here it is - the Turkic architecture! In Europe that architecture wasn't known. Prisk was one of the first of those Europeans who've noticed that.

Дворец царя был также оформлен с шатровой крышей, большими и малыми башнями, которые росли, как охранники выше забор ... Вот она - тюркская архитектура! В Европе, что архитектура не было известно. Приск был одним из первых из тех европейцев, которые заметили, что.

Tsarina Kreka's terem ("Terem" - a wooden house) was standing in beauty near the tsar's palace, magnificent and light due to its patterns. To tell the truth, nowadays the word "terem" is deemed to be of Greek origin and that seems especially strange after having read Prisk: in Kipchak lands the history of that building is centuries-old and the Greeks just managed to see it ()The word "terem" originates from another Turkic word, "terek" - a "wood", or "wooden house"… However, there are other interpretations which are more correct, but they are not in question. Archeologists have been using the term "carpenter culture" long since which reflects appearance of the first log constructions - about four thousand years ago in Altai. Prisk, being a European, was amazed with log buildings.

Терем царицы Kreka (в "Терем" - деревянные дома) стоял в красоту вблизи царского дворца, великолепный и легкий благодаря своей модели. Правда, в настоящее время слово «Терем» считается греческого происхождения, и что кажется особенно странным после того, как прочитал Приск: в землях кипчаков истории этого здания многовековой и греки просто удалось увидеть его ()слово «Терем» происходит от другого тюркского слова "Терек" - "дерево" или "деревянный дом" ... Впрочем, есть и другие интерпретации, которые более правильно, но они не находятся в вопросе. Археологи уже используют термин «плотник культура" давно которое отражает появление первых конструкций журнала - около четырех тысяч лет назад на Алтае. Приск, будучи европейцем, поразила журнал зданий.

The remark of the translator who worked with Prisk's notes is interesting in this connection. He was Russian and he perplexedly marked in a reference that he didn't understand Byzantine's amazement with wooden architecture of Attila's palace. "Could wooden houses and columns amaze an ambassador?" - asks the translator with distrust?

Замечание переводчика, который работал с нотами Приск интересна в этой связи. Он был русским, и он растерянно отмечается в ссылку, что он не понимает удивления византийском с деревянной архитектурой дворца Аттилы. "Может деревянные дома и колонны поражают посла?" - Спрашивает переводчик с недоверием?

Of course they could. He has seen them for the first time in his life! And his amazement was valid. Thus Europe got acquainted with Turkic architecture.

Конечно, они могли. Он видел их в первый раз в своей жизни! И его удивление было действительным. Таким образом, Европа познакомилась с тюркской архитектуры.

In tsar Attila's capital almost all the houses were carpentered. A log lay next to a log. A built house was called either "terem", if it was built for nobility, or "isb" if it was built for ordinary people. The word isb means "warm premises" in Turkic (it originates from "issi bina"). An isb could have four walls - for a small new family having recently moved away from their parents, or for the aged parents themselves who feel better being close to their children. That's why a family usually had two or three houses.

Carpenters skillfully made the framework: they applied all methods known those days. Traces of their work were thoroughly investigated by professor S.I. Rudenko. It turned out that in old times the carpenters worked aside from the place of future house, beginning one year before construction, they were waiting for the logs to get dry, after that the logs were marked, the framework was demolished, transported to the required place and constructed again… The logs found by the archeologists retained ancient marks.

However, the Kipchaks used to build kurens more often. That is also a wooden building, octahedral in its form and half-deepened into the earth. The living space of a kiren was bigger in comparison with an isb. Earthen steps led to an entrance into a kuren. The building was deepened on purpose: so that in winter, when soil is frozen through, it is possible to stay on warm wattle and daub floor, and having laid the carpets not to feel any inconveniencies. In isb floor was made of planks hence the building wasn't deepened.

The dwellings were heated in different ways. An open hearth was placed in the center of a kuren because many people lived there - and it wasn't cold. A kuren is more ancient than an isb, no doubt. Isbs appeared in Altai, Sayany and other regions of Southern Siberia. They were really suitable for life in towns where severe earthquakes were taking place. During a shock the logs moved and didn't roll out, and the building remained safe. A new hearth - pech (oven) was invented for an isb (that is also a Turkic word, as well as hearth).

The form of an oven was changing as centuries went by: they used to sleep on a stove, cook and even took steam baths inside it. As a rule a good man had usually had more than one stove. One - inside the house; another (summer) - in the street, and the third - with an oven - in the outhouse where bread was baked.

… In the town of tsar Attila amazed Prisk was discovering something new at every step. The Byzantine ambassador was very amazed by the baths - he had never seen it before.

White baths made of stone was the only non-wooden construction in Attila's capital. Baths are not that simple as it seems. Baths of Ancient Egypt, for instance, are evidently different from Chinese ones. In Europe baths were built according to Egyptian traditions, and according to Chinese ones in the East and in Siberia. The essence of the differences - the Europeans bathed in warm water which temperature couldn't vary, while for the Siberians water was not as important as air temperature inside the baths. Their bath was not water but aerial…

Turkic architecture hasn't disappeared; it remained, its ideas are the basis of Gothic. To tell the truth nobody wants to speak about its Turkic origin today, but the Turki are the only ones to blame; that's due to ignorance of their own history… But let's return to Prisk's notes for he could see from the outside; entered Turkic buildings and talked to Attila's cronies.

The amazed Greek, for example, having entered a terem, wasn't able to comprehend how could one cut and put the logs that skillfully so that the building seemed to be round while it wasn't round? Tsarina Kreka's terem only seemed to be like that - in fact in was octahedral.

Carved platbands and shutters, as well as laces over the windows, high porch with a carved shed - they were constructed those times. And now Prisk enters the chamber of tsarina Kreka:

"I opened the door and passed by the barbarians standing over there and found Kreki lying in the soft bed. The floor was covered with woolen carpets on which they walked. A lot of slaves were standing around tsarina; female slaves, sitting on the floor opposite her, were speckling linen coverlets with different paints and those coverlets were put on the shoulders of female barbarians as a decoration. Having come up to Kreki I hailed her, gave her the gifts and went out".

This scene (and the whole Prisk's story) contains nothing wild which is ascribed to the Turki through an evil habit. Subjects of day-to-day life are clearly described - they were permanently attracting attention of the Byzantine due to their novelty.

The floors were covered with woolen carpets on which they walked. Felt carpets are really traditional for the Kipchaks. They were different from Persian carpets familiar to the Byzantine; that's why he has noted them. The Europeans didn't know the felt method of wool handling. They should have been very surprised by felt cloaks, felt boots and other ordinary small items which were the part of Kipchak life.

And one observation is to Byzantine's credit - he could have not noticed what female slaves were doing - they were decorating their wraps with which Kipchak women still adorn their clothes. An important detail of ancient national clothes. Today it is known as "shawl" or "kerchief". And the Gutsuls are the only ones who still call it the old way - "guni".

Guni was made with a long fringe - with tassels like falling branches of a weeping willow. They were white and solemn - for a temple and for a funeral repast, and the motley ones - for feasts and day-to-day life. A tradition!

Maybe that's why Kipchak women are that beautiful…

Prisk wrote of Attila's fellow men rather tiffly: "They wear short cloth caftans of not dyed wool which their wives spin and weave, white wide trousers and leaver boots tied by the straps on the instep. They are especially notable for their tender treatment and love for the nearest. (That was really so! Bold provided - M.A.). Their (woman's) clothes is rather neat and comfortable, it consists of an apron and a jacket of dark-blue color trimmed with a light border and without it, a white shirt lower than a skirt and adorned with folds near the neck and hands with a frill like the laces, maids are usually bareheaded decorating their hair with all sorts of coins. They all wear ear-rings, bracelets and rings since they are three years old".

National clothes of the "barbarians" haven't noticeably changed during the centuries. And they couldn't change! Archeologists found them in burial places in Altai; certain nations retained the same fashion. But of course some things were changed. For example, one won't find "the straps tied on the instep", they are not necessary no longer. They used to tie the heels that way.

Prisk also described Attila's chambers where he has seen the commander among the feasting cronies. Table traditions of the Kipchaks are impressive and they haven't changed.

"When we returned to our tent father Erestov came to us and declared that Attila has invited us both to the feast…" Here we'll interrupt Prisk's story and focus on a very important fact which becomes evident from it: there was a clergyman, father Orestov, with Attila - commander's confessor. He fetched Byzantine guests "according to a custom of his country so that we also pray before sitting down to table", - Prisk wrote (Doesn't that witness that Attila, as well as his cronies, was a believer or at least not indifferent to sacred rites. A very important observation.

Later the Turki, having become the Christians or the Moslems, haven't rejected their ancient customs. Meal only after a prayer. And the Greek wasn't the first one who has noticed that, but Favst Buzand, the chronicler of Caucasus (30s of IV century). To tell the truth, after Prokopi Caesarean Turkic culture hasn't been thoroughly analyzed and following historians have neglected it and called them "Arians", "shamanists" and "nasty Tatars".).

… How did they sit down to table? Not by accident. Senior guest of honor sat at the head of the table, other guests of honor sat from the right. His (Attila's) elder son was sitting at the edge of his coach, not close to him dropping his eyes due to respect to him".

The guests were to drink after each toast accordingly to the ranks. The eldest guest was the first to bring the cup to his lips, and everyone were looking at him with inspiration; after that the baton was passed round the table.

"When everyone was sitting in due order, - Prisk writes, - the cup-bearer, having come up to Attila, gave him the cup of wine. Attila took it and greeted the first one sitting from the right. The one in whose honor the greeting was made, stood up and he couldn't sit down until Attila returns the cup to the cup-bearer having drunk wine. When he sat down all the ones present honored him the same way, accepted their cups and having greeted him, drank their wine. One cup-bearer was standing near each guest". After that the second guest was greeted the same, and after that - all the rest.

The chambers where the feast took place smelt like fresh wood. Wide benches were standing along the walls; massive oak tables were near them. Commander's couch was at the end of the premises. Several steps led to the throne. That place of honor was called tver, it was closed by thin variegated curtains… The same ones as on the paintings of Kiev chroniclers.

Dishes were served on silver plates. Wine - in golden and silver glasses which, again, are absolutely the same as those found by the archeologists and depicted by Kiev chroniclers.

They were drinking honey and kama - light heady drink of brown color made of couched barley or millet. What is it if not beer? Beer - the drink being very popular among the Tuki. As well as kvass.

Of course modern drinks are different. But the Chuvashes have kept that ancient custom of invitation to pay a visit. The Chuvash will say on any occasion (be it a wedding, a meeting or for no particular reason): "Come to drink some beer". And they are a good judge of beer. Each family has its recipe… It turns out that in Prisk's times Europe didn't even know about beer. It seems it was also presented by the Turki? Beer-lovers (beer countries) remained just exactly among European Kipchaks; it's amazing that their geography coincides with forgotten borders of Desht-I-Kipchak.

… After that the songs were sung at Attila's table - sincere and quiet ones. Those that flow into soul and relax it. They were singing accompanied by music. A harp, harmonica, kobyz (cello's ancestor) were trembling in the hands of skilful players… The musical nation lived in the Great Steppe.

In V century, as well as before and after that, a steppe inhabitant couldn't live without music, songs, hot folk dances after which the heels come loose. "After the songs some ugly one, having stepped forward, made odd absurd speeches having no sense and made everybody laugh". This tradition - to play tricks! - also remained with the Turkic nation… Whom can one laugh at if not himself?

And wasn't the intention to imitate Attila the reason of appearance of fools in the palaces of European kings, which amused and diverted the guests at the balls? Those fools would tell the truth to the kings' faces and then get away with it?.. Attila laughed from the heart at his fool together with the others.

Of course Attila's greatness was not in table competitions - it lay somewhere else. He used to wear modest clothes, not "as a tsar". Kipchak rulers were not notable for magnificent clothes disfiguring their bodies. Tsars would wear modest clothes peculiar to common people and become famous for their deeds. In Dest-I-Kipchak people were respected for their deeds and actions.

Attila "was moderate in everything. Those participating in feasts drank from golden and silver cups while he had a wooden one. His robe was also simple and notable only for its neatness. Neither his sword, neither the laces of his barbarian footwear nor the bridle of his horse were decorated with gold, stones or something precious as the others are fond of".

The Kipchaks used to wear papakhas. The aristocrats (the uzdens) had astrakhan ones, papakhs of free people (the Cossacks) were made of sheepskin and the slaves were prohibited to wear papakhas. In summer they wore a peaked cap or a felt cap with brims. A real man wore a bashlyk on his shoulders for the whole year, especially on journeys, - another ceremony is connected with it. Everything mattered - the way it was tied, the way it was worn.

One can even judge about the haircuts on the basis if the notes of eyewitnesses. Certain Kipchaks would shave their heads. And others, on the contrary, wouldn't cut their hair but palate it. Rushing to the attack the riders let their plates down and their hair waving from under their helmets terrified the enemy.

Prisk wrote about the "blood-thirstiness" of the Turki as follows: "They lead a calm and careless life after a war, each one deals with what he has". Calm and careless! Only self-assured nation could lead such a life. When there was no war, relations between the settlements became not that strong and khans' power wasn't that strict. However, in case of danger the Steppe promptly awakened; everybody was alarmed. It was a shame for the whole family not to be ready to fight. Families and yurts united - separate fingers formed a fist; khan's power became absolute… The Steppe has always been a misery for the aliens.

Having met a Greek taken prisoner Prisk suggested that he should return to motherland but he, having just been delivered from slavery, refused asserting that its better among the Turki than in Byzantium… It might be an insignificant detail but it bears a lot of information. Sometimes a phrase let fall by an eyewitness is enough.

So many interesting things around… Everything is mixed up in history of nations, everything is under the heel of politics and prejudices. Unfortunately these are the politicians who often estimate archeological findings. For example, in the Hermitage or the Fine Arts Museum named after A.S. Pushkin in Moscow one won't find a single exhibit or item relating to the Kipchak culture. There is nothing. It is never mentioned. Although entire collections of works of art are stored in the store-rooms, they've never been exhibited. It was prohibited. They are from the Steppe! Treasures get dusty on dark shelves; and according to Russian history they've never existed.

Coffee and tea sets of delicate work, porcelain statuettes, marvelous cups and jewelry, as well as many other items, are known just to a narrow circle of professionals

Are not the articles by V.V. Radlov, the academician, indicative for he mentioned in the middle of XIX century how Turkic barrows have been pillaged, with what greedy eyes Russian settlers - "archeologists" have cut golden items. Ancient vases, ornaments of delicious work turned into contemptible metal in their trembling hands. And Turkic history was turning into what it has become…

I'll repeat, disdain for Turkic culture originated not in Russia; Russia simply inherited it as a tribute to a formed European fashion. "History" by Ammian Marcellin, the Latin author, is a good example where information of the Kipchaks of the close of IV century is provided; that was the first time they appeared in European steppes beyond the "Meotiysk Marsh" (Sea of Azov). That book set the fashion which remained for centuries.

According to Marcellin the Kipchaks were notable for stumpy constitution, their faces were beardless, they were "ugly and looked like eunuchs". Well, tastes differ, as the saying goes. Of course those times they didn't know about the eastern newcomers in Europe. Otherwise Marcellin wouldn't have called a papakh worn at a rakish angle a "wry hat" and the boots - "soft high footwear". The Europeans have worn neither papakhs nor boots.

"All of them, not having any residences, hearths, laws and stable way o life, - Marcellin writes, - roam from one place to another like eternal runaways with the tilt carts in which they spend their lives. Tilt carts with curved covers are made of bark. Having come to a place rich in grass they arrange their carts in circle and feed on in an animal way; having used all the fodder they carry on riding their towns, so to say, placed on the carts. Leading draught animals and herds before them, they pasture them; especially they care for their horses. Everyone who is not suitable for a war due to age or sex would remain near the tilt carts and be busy with peaceful affairs".

It's a surprise - the repelling description is uncommonly unbiased! As well as the fact that "the youth having got used to riding since early childhood considers it a shame to go on foot". That's true - the Kipchaks are a horse-riding nation, they've "adhered to a horse". At first a child was put on a horse and after that he learnt to walk.

But it seems Marcellin's observations still need a comment.

Since we are talking about the close of IV century it should be mentioned that those days a grandiose battle for Don has just been finished; the Kipchaks won a victory hence the settlement of Don steppes has barely begun and it is reasonable that people lived in tilt carts, children were born there and later those children could hardly answer the question: "Where is your motherland?" The Turki were choosing places for new villages and towns. They were searching for land. History of ancient Don towns and villages - Kobyakov settlement and others - begins exactly from IV century! After the year 370.

Observations of a man not understanding the question - thus one can call the notes of the Latin historian, which is also twice as interesting. His lines are valuable for that, unprejudiced objectivity is contained in them. For example, Marcellin wrote about the Kipchaks: "they eat like animals"… And what did he mean?

It turns out the Europeans were eating with hands, they weren't using any place settings as against the Turki. Greek grandees, for example, kept Arab boys in a house to wipe their hands with their curly and tough hair while eating. To tell the truth, a spoon became widespread in Greece very soon and a fork wasn't used until XIII - XV centuries… So who was eating "like animals"? The Turki, of course!

Or another example from nations history. When the Europeans came to the Middle East for the first time they were struck by ugliness of its yellow-skin inhabitants. But in remaining witnesses of the aboriginal population this fact is also cited; only the aboriginals reported of ugliness of the white newcomers "whose awful look could make one faint away".

Similar examples - and there are many of them - convince: we are all people and no human qualities are alien to us. The Turki, the Greek, the Chinese have their own idea of the beauty!. It is certainly hard for an historian from the shore to judge about another life, especially in the steppe, which he couldn't even imagine. That's why it is better to avoid any estimations in historical works - not to be taken in! But how can that be done? Of course, the author of these lines is also subjective - to the same extent as Marcellin was having sincerely written about ugliness of the steppe inhabitants. "He is not a handsome man", - the Turki could have said about him.

And they would have been right. For example, emperor Julian (331 - 366) was considered to be a really handsome man in the Roman Empire. His thick beard was covered with lice as with ashes… There is no doubt that the beauty is a complex category.

Marcellin's reports of Kipchak arms are confirmed by the archeologists… How can one do without estimations here? A saber doesn't need any recommendations, that's for sure, its advantage is evident: a rider slashes with a saber much faster than his enemy with a sword. And the Turki invented stirrups - a foothold - to make a slash quicker.

After the battle for Don a bow became the favorite arm of the Turki. They were excellent shooters. A warrior adjusted a bow "to his hand" by himself. Arrow-heads also provide food for scientific research: they were with trilobate heads, of harpoon type, "whistling" - with a hole on one side.

A bow of a steppe inhabitant went down in world arms history under the name of "a bow of Turkic type". That is a heavy bow, according to European name. It size is up to 1,5 meters. Strength was necessary in order to stretch it. But an arrow could break through the arms of the Romans like through an egg-sell… Arms, fighting, attack and retreat methods are the usual topic of Turkic culture studying. Permanent wars to which the nation got used required invention of new arms and skilful Kipchak craftsmen were always busy.

There were towns in Desht-I-Kipchak where aliens were prohibited to come. One of them was called Tulu ("full" in Turkic) or Tolum (arms), blacksmiths - armourers lived there since V century. The town appeared near Oka river where iron ore was found. The same town was situated not far from modern Belgorod. Other towns also existed, apparently.

A strong and original country was forming in the steppe as the centuries went by; in IV century European world got acquainted with it. There were holidays and workday routine in that country of which the Europeans have never heard.

Attila loved to hunt; only elite was invited to see it and only a few could take part. They hunted as the Kipchaks should - on horses. They beat bears, boars, deers with clubs or pole-axes riding their horses. Dogs were not used in hunting. But it was falconry that impressed the Europeans most.

Sok-kol (falcon) means "to call on a hand", ber-kut (golden eagle) means "to bring the prey". Birds "calling on a hand" worked wonders before the very eyes of astonished Greeks. They searched for ducks and cranes with their keen eyes, made them fly and caught them flying. And after that they returned on a good master's hand.

And weren't the nervous trembling looking at the favorite amusement of the Kipchaks - bear fight? One wild bear was put into a paled place and a bold fellow with a knife or a bear-sparer came to it. It was necessary to bring the bear to the ground with iron as soon as possible. By one stroke, right in the heart so that the people could hail the winner. Kipchak warriors were tempered that way! That was their idea of amusement.

Slashers were especially conciliated for they used to break horses in wild races mortifying their vice. Horse race, games were obligatory for a holiday. As well as wrestling with belts. Lads stood in circle not because of a big ram (a usual prize for the winner!) but to prove themselves and control the rivals.

The Turki were always able to invent something; they were rarely wasting their time… For example, if all the conversations were over at table a dispute began - who will be able to break the cannon-bone of a just eaten ram. It should be mentioned that a person with weak hands would hardly manage to break it. There were certain fellows who managed to kill a bull with a punch on a bet. It was important to know where to strike. And to have a good fist. And any man having self-esteem could kill a bull - an everyday affair.

Participation in fisticuffs was a great honor; not everyone was admitted to take part. They were fighting for their pleasure. The boys started the fight and were fighting to the first drop of blood. After them the elder lads entered in twos or "crowd against crowd". And after that, having enjoyed the show, real fighters got up. Nobody would ever break the sacred rules of fisticuffs - that meant he would never take part again. Besides, one could be killed for that at the very same moment.

Maybe we shouldn't have described the life Attila that thoroughly if a reader knew the details about him. "Attila (? - 453), the leader of the Huns since 434. Headed devastating campaigns against the Eastern Empire (443, 447-448), Gaul (451), Northern Italy (452). Under Attila Hun union of tribes reached its highest magnificence".

That is the whole information provided by the Big Encyclopedia about the Great Turki having been the personification of Desht-I-Kipchak. Attila also died on account if his needless trustfulness… The historians pass over in silence who was that beautiful woman named Ildiko of whom loving Attila had taken notice. Either she was sent from Rome, or everything is really happening as the fates decree. In a word, the great commander fell in love in 453. And real love is never without a feast and a tender night.

Jordan writes on this point: "Having become weaker at the wedding due to great enjoyment… he was lying swimming in blood because his nose was usually bleeding, but this time it was stopped in its usual way and, having taken the fatal way through the throat, choked him. Thus intoxication was the reason of the shameful end of the glorious fighter".