- •«Финансовый университет
- •Предисловие
- •Reading
- •2. Scanning
- •The tax reform experiment in transitional countries
- •The current structure of tax systems
- •Summing up: performance, lessons, and recommendations
- •3. Understanding main points.Answer the following questions:
- •4. Understanding details. Find facts to support or refute the following statements:
- •5. Summarizing
- •Diversity of tax systems
- •2. Meaning
- •1. The tax on wages and salaries (and business profits in the us)iscalled … .In Britain the tax on business is called corporation tax.
- •5. Render the following text into English: Сущность налоговой системы, принципы и функции налогов
- •Section c Practice I
- •Practice II
- •Taxation policy in the european union
- •Over to you
- •Reading
- •I. Skimming
- •II. Scanning
- •Insurance: Сoncept
- •Insurability
- •Legal considerations
- •III. Understanding main points. Answer the following questions and do the assignments:
- •IV. Understanding details. Support or refute the following statements:
- •V. Summarizing.
- •Section b
- •Indemnification
- •2. Meaning
- •World Insurance Companies
- •124 Kew Gardens Road, London sw2 5hb
- •3. Collocations
- •4. Translate the word combinations given in brackets. Carry on with the general topic.
- •5. RenderintoEnglish.
- •Section c Practice I
- •IdentifyingandMeasuringExposures
- •Developing and implementing a risk management program
- •Practice II
- •Insurance, capital and economic stability
- •Practice III
- •Insurance, savings and risk spreading over time
- •Overtoyou:
- •Part II
- •Vocabulary list:
- •International trade is a substitute for the international mobility ofresources.
- •International Trade Agreements
- •Некоторые итоги мировой торговли последних десятилетий XX века и ожидаемые тенденции ее развития
- •Over to you:
- •Vocabulary list:
- •In what way is the entrepreneur’s capital export realized?
- •In what way are investments differentiated depending upon their verification (control)?
- •Портфельныеипрямыеинвестиции
- •Over to you:
- •Unit III The Economic Situation Text 1
- •Vocabulary list:
- •Конъюнктурные исследования
- •Over to you:
- •Vocabulary list:
- •In what way can we determine liquidity positions of the country?
- •Международная валютная ликвидность
- •Overtoyou:
- •The list of literature
- •Заключение
- •Contents
International trade is a substitute for the international mobility ofresources.
International trade is the movement of goods and services, hence it cannot be practised as the international mobility of resources.
If human and property resources do not move freely among nations, the international trade can provide a substitute. Goodsare a sumoflaborandcapital.
International trade is subject to political interferences and controls, that’s why it stands to reason that it can’t serve as the international mobility of resources.
Ex 4.Explain in English the meanings of the following words and expressions.
vastinternalmarkets
increase of international trade both absolutely and relatively
percentage of any nations in the world trade
the value of net exports
mobilityofresources
disbalanceoftrade
Ex 5.Translate the sentences into English making use of the active vocabulary.
Для любой страны роль внешней торговли трудно переоценить.
Международный обмен товарами возможен и желателен в интересах всех стран.
На долю торговли приходится около 80 % всего объема международных экономических отношений.
Цена обмена устанавливается по закону спроса и предложения на таком уровне, что совокупность экспорта позволяет оплачивать общий объем импорта (Дж. Милль).
Торговля — это средство, с помощью которого можно сократить разрыв в уровне развития между странами (П. Самуэльсон).
Американский экспорт по сравнению с импортом более трудоемок и менее капиталоемок (парадокс В. Леонтьева). Этот вывод противоречил всем существовавшим ранее представлениям об экономике США.
Рациональное использование сравнительных преимуществ России (в ряде отраслей) позволяет развивать внешнеторговые отношения со странами Европы высокими темпами.
Ex 6.Hold a business conversation using the given cliches, set expressions, and some prompts.
Италия и другие импортируют на внутренний рынок разнообразные товары. Как вы полагаете, каковы причины такого положения? |
In my opinion, there are a few reasons for it... I think the main reason is... • I would like to add that many nations have limited resources. |
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I would like to say that Russia exports... • Germany, France, and Italy export high technology production, for example... |
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The thing is... I believe that European nations... It seems to me that the U.S... As I see it, competitiveness of the US goods decreases... |
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I’m quite certain about the total volume... I’d like to say a few words about merchandise exports in the Netherlands and Canada... I foronethink... |
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Personally, I... I think I should be frank to say that... I’m sorry I can’t give you the exact answer... |
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I suppose the main thing is the immigration laws... The things are not so easy, the international trade is subject to political interferences and controls... Dear Sirs, I’d like you to pay (draw) your attention to other governmental regulations such as quotas... |
Ex 7. Read the text “International Trade Agreements” and discuss it in the form of a dialogue.