Copyright ©2007 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copyright. Any use, exploitation, or commercialization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation without the publisher’s consent is illegal and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing or duplication of any kind, translating, preparation of microﬁlms, and electronic data processing and storage.

Important note: Medical knowledge is ever-changing. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy may be required. The authors and editors of the material herein have consulted sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error by the authors, editors, or publisher of the work herein or changes in medical knowledge, neither the authors, editors, or publisher, nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation of this work, warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they are not responsible for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of such information. Readers are encouraged to conﬁrm the information contained herein with other sources. For example, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this publication is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs.

Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or proprietary names even though speciﬁc reference to this fact is not always made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by the publisher that it is in the public domain.

Printed in China

5 4 3 2 1

TMP ISBN 1-58890-406-7 978-1-58890-406-5

GTV ISBN 3-13-142971-2 978-3-13-142971-1

To Dr. Juan J. Cayaffa, professor emeritus of the Department of Neurology at the Northwestern Memorial Hospital.

A neurologist could have no better teacher, and a man no better role model.

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		. .ix
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .		. .xi
1.	Neuroanatomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. .1
	Jose Rafols, Gregory Van Stavern, and Edwin M. Monsell
2.	Vascular Diseases of the Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.55
	Renee Bailey Van Stavern
3.	Seizures and Epilepsy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	.80
	Jagdish Shah and Demian Naguib
4.	Disorders of Myelination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	104
	Rana Zabad
5.	Tumors of the Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	119
	Jeffrey Raizer
6.	Headache and Pain Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	137
	M. Maher Fakhouri
7.	Behavioral Neurology and Psychiatry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	154
	Randall R. Benson, Prasanth Manthena, and David Kemp
8.	Movement Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	183
	Edwin B. George
9.	Diseases of the Nerves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	203
	Nancy J. Cao
10.	Diseases of the Muscles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	230
	Demian Naguib
11.	Infections of the Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	249
	Alexandros C. Tselis
12.	Developmental and Metabolic Diseases of the Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	269
	Alexander G. Bassuk
13.	Systemic Diseases Affecting the Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	293
	Jayant Khitha
Index	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	303

Contents

vii

Preface

In the inner cover of this medical text the reader will ﬁnd buried among the copyright and library cataloguing information a disclaimer, one stating something to the effect that “medicine is a rapidly changing science.” What an understatement! The hands of science have only recently touched medicine; nonetheless, medicine is undergoing a thorough reshaping by this most merciless of sculptors. It is this rapid change in the ﬁeld of medicine, as well as the breadth and depth of its existing knowledge base, that requires us as physicians to set about organizing the available information in order to master it.

Not incidentally, physicians must take board examinations exactly because medicine is such an immense and rapidly changing discipline. As difﬁcult as it may be to believe from where you, the potential reader of this review book, ﬁnd yourself, there are many good reasons to require physicians to take—and periodically retake—board examinations.

I began organizing my personal notes on the ﬁeld of neurology ﬁve years ago, when I was a resident at the Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Doing so was mostly force of habit, but early on I structured the notes so that I could use them in preparation for the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) written examination. As my notes developed and the possibility of publishing them as a review book became a reality, I was fortunate enough to ﬁnd experts in every subsection of neurology and in the related areas of psychiatry and medicine who diligently worked on these notes-cum-chapters to pare them down, ﬁll them out, and otherwise tune them up. These experts were

also most helpful with developing the numerous tables and with identifying key diagrams and neuroimaging slides that you will ﬁnd in this review book; such organizational items are intended to easily summarize large amounts of material for the time-pressed reader. Additionally, an excellent young pathologist, Dr. Chisa Yamada, kindly provided important pathology slides and assisted with the description of key histopathological abnormalities of common neurological disorders. With the assistance of these experts (whom I acknowledge deservedly as editors), I am conﬁdent that we have assembled the most comprehensive and up-to-date review book possible.

Of course no book would be of much value if there were only a single copy of it stashed away in the author’s study. I am indebted to the forethought of the people of Thieme Medical Publishing, who were quick to recognize the importance of a comprehensive board review book in neurology and who have been immensely supportive of its development. In particular, I would like to thank Thieme’s Executive Editor, Mr. Timothy Hiscock, who has been a sound shepherd of this review book from its inception. I am already looking forward to working on subsequent editions with this wonderful crew. To that end, I trust that you, the reader, will help by sending me your questions or comments.

Now, on to the book. Study hard!

Mark Borsody

http//www.northern–neurosciences.com

Preface

Contributors

Editor

Mark K. Borsody, M.D., Ph.D.

Director

Northern Neurosciences, Inc.

Dearborn, Michigan

General Editor of Pathology

Chisa Yamada, M.D.

Department of Pathology

Monteﬁore Medical Center

Bronx, New York

Contributors

Alexander G. Bassuk, M.D., Ph.D.

Assistant Professor

Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

Chicago, Illinois

Randall R. Benson, M.D.

Assistant Professor

Department of Neurology

Wayne State University School of Medicine

Detroit, Michigan

Nancy J. Cao, M.D., Ph.D.

Department of Neurology

Wayne State University School of Medicine

Detroit, Michigan

M. Maher Fakhouri, M.D.

Assistant Professor

Department of Neurology

Wayne State University School of Medicine

Detroit, Michigan

Edwin B. George, M.D., Ph.D.

Assistant Professor

Department of Neurology

Wayne State University School of Medicine

Detroit, Michigan

David Kemp, M.D.

Research Fellow

Bipolar Disorder Research Center

Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio

Jayant Khitha, M.D.

Department of Cardiology

Louisianna State University Health Sciences

Center–Shreveport

Shreveport, Louisianna

Prasanth Manthena, M.D.

Department of Neurology

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

Chicago, Illinois

Edwin M. Monsell, M.D., Ph.D.

Professor

Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery

Wayne State University School of Medicine

Detroit, Michigan

Demian Naguib, M.D., Ph.D.

Department of Neurology

Wayne State University School of Medicine

Detroit, Michigan

Jose Rafols, Ph.D.

Professor

Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology

Wayne State University School of Medicine

Detroit, Michigan

Jeffrey Raizer, M.D.

Assistant Professor

Department of Neurology

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

Chicago, Illinois

Jagdish Shah, M.D.

Associate Professor

Department of Neurology

Wayne State University School of Medicine

Detroit, Michigan

Contributors

Alexandros C. Tselis, M.D., Ph.D	Renee Bailey Van Stavern, M.D.
Assistant Professor	Assistant Professor
Department of Neurology	Department of Neurology
Wayne State University School of Medicine	Wayne State University School of Medicine
Detroit, Michigan	Detroit, Michigan

Gregory Van Stavern, M.D.	Rana Zabad, M.D.
Assistant Professor	Hotchkiss Brain Institute
Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology	University of Calgary
Wayne State University School of Medicine	Calgary, Canada
Detroit, Michigan

Contributors

xii

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