Infinitive.

*** Mind that after the verb ‘ help ‘ the infinitive can be with ‘ to ‘ or without.

Ex. 6 * Fill in the gaps with the proper words from the right column

Table 3

1. They ------- resist the raiders because they were freedom- loving people. 2. What ------- Julius Ceasar return to Rome ? 3. The tribes -------- each other develop new methods in cultivating the lands. 4. The desire to be superior to other kingdoms ------- Egberth strengthen his state. 5. The law ------ the people trade wheat. 6. The king ------ realize the danger of the invasion. 7. The geographical position of the island ------ the country avoid great destructions. 8. What ------ Britain live in peace for centuries ? 9. The Wittan ------ king rule the country and make decisions. 10. Who ------ the Danes sign the treaty in 878 ?

let help couldn’t but make

1.	2.	3.	4.	5.	6.	7.	8.	9.	10.

Ex. 7 * Put the words into the right order.

a. kings, continued, the , fighting, the, Danes, Anglo – Saxon.

b. nobles, a, French, and, Edward, of, brought, lot, clergy, England, to.

c. took, in, reign, such, place, the, raids, and, of, his, Egberth, sons.

d. to, Anglo – Saxons, the, he, monks, sent, convert, pagan.

e. who, subdue, to, those, and, slaves, had, survived, became.

f. to, Alfred, scholars, invited, philosophy, and, teach, history.

g. to, according, was, Britain, the, divided, Treaty, and, Danelaw, the,

England into.

h. Code, Bible, Law, the, he, of, established, on, a, based.

i. peaceful, as, as, his, were, the, victories, reforms, wars, significant, the,

in

j. the, Constantine, prosecution, Roman, stopped, of, Emperor, Christians,

the, the, great.

k. succeeded, the, Egberth, kingdoms, in, his, seven, under, uniting, authority

Ex. 8 ☻☻ * Here are the answers. Put suitable questions to them :

a. -------------------------------- ? By light – moving vessels.

b. --------------------------------- ? Because they couldn’t defend themselves.

c. --------------------------------- ? No. They didn’t conquer the whole territory of

England.

d. --------------------------------- ? English king reigned in Wessex.

e. --------------------------------- ? In 871.

f. --------------------------------- ? He won respect as a bravest warrior and a wise

politician.

g. -------------------------------- ? Britain was divided into the Danelaw and England.

h. --------------------------------- ? Yes, Alfred forced the Danes to leave London.

i. --------------------------------- ? He got down to peaceful reforms in trade, education.

. j. --------------------------------- ? There were three Danish kings on the English throne.

k. --------------------------------- ? Edward the Confessor.

l. ---------------------------------- ? Edward had no children to succeed the Crown..

Speaking

☻→☻→☻ Develop each statement working in chain. The beginner

should finish the idea and close the circle.

1. In the 9th century Britain suffered from constant raids of the savage tribes.

2. Alfred was chosen king of Wessex.

3. “ The Anglo – Saxon Chronicles “ is considered the first History of England.

4. 878 is a historic date of the kingdom.

5. Edward was called upon to restore the English line on the throne.

6. Britain was turned into a colony of Great Roman Empire.

7. The roads built by Romans can still be found in England nowadays.

8. Alfred put an end to the raids of the Danes.

9. The Celts spread their lands moving westward and across the Channel.

10. The first Christian monks appeared in Britain.

Ex. 9 * Match the events with the people. Then make table 3 complete.

Ousted the Danes from London Came to the British island in the 1st century BC. United the feudal kingdoms into a single state. Was called upon to England from France. Settled in Kent. Built fortresses and paved roads. Had to return home because his ships were damaged. Made raids on monasteries and peaceful villages. Sent monks to convert Britons into Christianity. Was chosen king of England and soon killed.

a. The Romans b. Pope Gregor c. Harold Godwin d. The Belgs e. Alfred the Great f. Egberth of Wessex g. Edward the Confessor h. The Jutes i. Julius Ceasar j. The Danes

Table 3

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
e

Ex. 10 * Translate from Russian into English :

А. Долгое время племена воевали друг с другом за власть.

Б. Христианство способствовало объединению отдельных королевств в единое

государство.

В. До Рождества Христова было несколько вторжений на Британские острова,

предпринятых кельтскими племенами.

Г. Как правило, местное население спасалось от завоевателей в Уэльсе,

Шотландии и Ирландии.

Д. Населению пришлось подчиниться новым хозяевам.

Е . Несколько десятилетий датские короли владели английской короной.

Ж. Альфреду Великому удалось покончить с постоянными набегами Датчан на

Уэссекс.

З. Позднее Альфред Великий вытеснил Датчан из Лондона.

И. Вокруг Эдуарда - Исповедника было много французской знати и духовенства.

К. Альфред Великий делал многое, чтобы повысить культуру своего народа.

WRITING

• Think over and write an essay on

‘The most constructive \ painful period in the history of Britain of the 1^st Millennium.’

Role Play

‘ There are three vacancies in the international archeological expedition to

England ‘

1. The jury consists of three people. They hold a competition to choose the best candidates. They listen to their papers, ask them questions and report on their decision.

2. The applicants are to do the following:

1). to present a written paper on a historic event of the 1^st Millennium

2). to make an oral report supported with a cluster depicting the events that mark the

epoch.

3). to answer the committee’s questions and reveal knowledge of the ancient Britain.

☼ In leisure for pleasure. Do the crossword.

• Guess the controlling word in the horizontal line marked with marked

with + + +

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+

1. to take a title after father’s death

2. a knowledgeable person who taught in ancient

schools

3. the synonym to ‘ different ‘

4. the name of a country

5. the antonym to ‘ active ‘

6. to draw troops back

7. one of the Celtic tribes

8. no power

9. a person with supreme power

10. one of people’s spheres of activity

11. opposite to synonym

12. devotion

3. Control works. Tests

Unit 1

1. Write a summary ‘ Did the Celts ever invade the Russian lands ? ‘

ΙΙ Answer the questions

1) How many Celtic invasions were there in the history of Britain ?

2) What peoples came to the British island BC ?

3) What attracted people from the continent to Britain ?

4) How did people reach the island ?

5) What was their life-style ?

6) What can you say about Stounhenge ?

7) What tribe held most of the country in the 1^st century BC ?

8) How did the Celts cultivate the land ?

9) What did they supply Europe with ?

10) Why can the traces of Celtic culture be found in Wales, Scotland and Ireland

nowadays ?

ΙΙΙ Tests