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manager with the consent of the project owner team and the selection of the subteam members by the responsible project team member with the consent of the project manager.

In order to reach the project objectives teams need team competencies. Team competencies are made up of the competencies of the individual project team members and the knowledge and the experiences of the team in regard to

•the common design of the project management process,

•learning in a team,

•the development of commitment in the team,

•the development of the "big project picture",

•the securing of synergies in the team and

•conflict-solving in the team.

Once the team objectives have been reached the break-up of the team must be arranged. The social system "team" is to be dissolved, the existing relationships to persons and social systems are to be uncoupled and new relationships established. Methods for the dissolution of teams in projects are, for example, "social events", reflections in the team and feedback to the team members.

Leadership in projects is a management task. Concrete examples of leadership tasks in projects are providing information about the project context through the project owner team or agreeing on objectives between the project owner team and the project manager or project team.

Leadership tasks in projects: providing information; agreeing on objectives and the distribution of tasks quality control and feedback making decisions contribution to solving conflicts; creating the conditions for motivating the members of the project organization; promoting learning and further development of both individuals and teams.

Leadership tasks are to be differentiated from other management tasks, such as developing and updating project plans, writing protocols and reports, etc. In projects, leadership tasks are performed not only by the project manager, but also by the project owner team, by project team and sub-team managers. Leadership tasks in projects are to be fulfilled in regard to individuals as well as teams. In organizing and implementing a project, an important role is played by team, leadership and project culture "energy" to a project are project meetings, project workshops and project presentations. One can refer to these as "project events". In projects there are emotions, such as anger, fear, joy, sadness and surprise. Emotions are the intensive feelings of individuals, teams or organizations with a clear start and end. They relate to someone or something. The project team can, for instance, be happy about a successful project presentation or vexed by bad feedback. Typical positive emotions of individuals to be expected in the project start process, are the joy about a new, interesting assignment, meeting new people (or a known person in a new role), of working in a new project team (with members of different cultural backgrounds). Typical

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negative emotions in the project start process are the fear of the new, of being overtaxed by the project work or by taking responsibility in the project (e.g. in the case of an "empowered" project organization). Measures for managing positive and negative emotions in the project start process are, for example:

∙complete communication of the project objectives, the project organization, the project environment relationships, etc., for a conscious development of the project team's expectations,

∙communication of the project's contribution to the fulfillment of the strategic objectives of the project-performing organization to ensure the motivation of the project team members,

∙adequate allocation of assignments to individual project team members to assure the motivation of the project team members,

∙clarification of the project roles to ensure the acceptance of the responsibilities carried by the project team members,

∙development of an explicit process for teambuilding,

∙joint development of the work breakdown structure, the project environment analysis, etc.

The "burn-out syndrome" can be defined as a state of emotional exhaustion which leads to a reduction in personal productivity. A burn-out is associated with a feeling of emptiness.

As a temporary organization a project has specific values, norms and rules, i.e. a project-specific culture. The culture of a project can be observed by the behavior of the members of the project organization as well as from the methods and the communication forms used in the project. It determines conscious and unconscious behavior of the members of the project organization. The projectspecific values can be communicated internally and to relevant environments with the help of a "mission statement".

Project-specific rules should also provide orientation in the project. In addition to the existing organizational general rules in the project-oriented organization, project-specific rules can be made when needed.

Schein [2] differentiates between the following three cultural levels: visible, but often not decipherable; greater level of awareness; taken for granted, invisible, preconscious.

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Fig. 2 – Cultural levels

Results and Conclusions

∙For the success of any project, it is necessary to apply an integrated approach that ensures the professional competence of all participants.

∙In organizing and implementing a project, an important role is played by team, leadership and project culture.

∙It is advisable to introduce an optional course on the basics of project management in senior groups of schools and introduce the number of and the organization of extended research groups participants in senior groups of school up to 3-4 participants, including a scientific adviser (project manager)

References

1.Schein E. (Organizational Culture) Organizational Culture and Leadership, Jossey Bass, San Francisco, Washington, London, 1985, p.6.

2.Gareis Roland. Happy Projects! – 2005; MANZsche Verlagsund Universitaetsbuchhandlung GmbH, Vienna ISBN 3-214-08268-X; 624 pp.

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A.A. Sazhina1, E.A. Aleshugina2

1School 127, Nizhny Novgorod,

2Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering)

ARCHITECTURE OF ANCIENT CATHEDRALS OF NIZHNY

NOVGOROD

Many cathedrals are being restored in Nizhny Novgorod and Nizhegorodsky region. This work is very important due to fact that it is our culture, history and cultural heritage of old Russia. Many cathedrals are sights and carefully preserved by the government and people. It is very significant for young people to study Russian history, its culture and preserve cathedrals as objects of cultural heritage.

In the research it is impossible to cover all the cathedrals that exist in our region. Thus, we have chosen the three most dear to the authors.

Thus, the objects of our research are Rozhdestvensky Cathedral in Rozhdestvenskaya street in Nizhny Novgorod and the Cathedral in Gnilitsi. The architecture of these cathedrals is under analysis.

The first cathedral is the Cathedral in Gnilitsi [Fig.1].

The temple was built in 1822. In 1937, services were discontinued, the church was closed and converted into a club. On November 13, 1991, the Avtozavodsky District Executive Committee decided to transfer the club building to the newly formed parish. The first service was held on February 28, 1992 after a 55-year hiatus. On September 19, 1993, the Metropolitan of NizhnyNovgorod and Arzamas Nikolai performed the rite of consecration of the temple.

The Cathedral in Rozhdestvenskaya street was built by the merchants Stroganov, so it is often called Stroganov. By 1701, construction was completed, but there was a fire, and the church was restored by the wife of Grigory Dmitrievich Stroganov, Maria Yakovlevna, nee Novosiltseva. The temple was consecrated in 1719 by His Grace Bishop Pitirim (1719–1738), Archbishop of Nizhny Novgorod [Fig.2].

In Nizhny Novgorod, the Stroganovs settled in the 17th century. This was due to the favorable geographical position of the city and the economic advantages that it gave. At first, the Stroganovs settled across the river, in Gordeevka, and then they moved to the upland part, where the commercial life of the city was in full swing. It was here that Grigory Dmitrievich Stroganov began to build a temple in honor of the feast of the Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary, celebrated the day after Christmas. In total, the Stroganovs built five churches in Russia: in Solvychegodsk, Ustyuzhne-Zheleznopolskaya, TrinitySergius Lavra and two in Nizhny Novgorod.

Architecture historians speak of a special style - the “Stroganov baroque”, which characterizes the temples created by representatives of this dynasty.

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Among the temples built by G. D. Stroganov, the Nizhny Novgorod church in honor of the Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary is distinguished by a special monumentality of image, exquisite, gorgeously executed magnificent decoration.

Figure 1. the Cathedral in Gnilitsi

Figure2. Rozhdestvensky Cathedral in Rozhdestvenskaya street in Nizhny Novgorod

The Stroganov Church is two-tiered: at the top there is a three-apse altar, a prayer hall, a pillarless refectory and a porch. The temple is five-domed, chapters are placed on the cardinal points, as in wooden churches. In the subchurch under the refectory were three isolated pantries. Outside and inside the temple is decorated with white stone carvings (windows, portals of entrances, attached columns).

The Christmas church on the peninsula above the confluence of the Oka and the Volga stood from ancient times. An unnamed chronicler in a record dating back to 1521, reported that during the attack on Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan “burned the Church of the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos and 240 yards along the Gremyachiy brook”. In 1653, the trading guest S.F. Zadorin built the Christmas Church for the first time in stone, and in 1685 Count Grigory Stroganov built a stone chapel to the Zadorin Christmas Church in honor of his heavenly patron Saint Gregory the Theologian. In the XIX century, the Christmas

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Church, which stood nearby and gave the name of one of the major shopping streets of Nizhny Novgorod, was dismantled. But Nizhny Novgorod, according to old memory, calls the church erected by Stroganov Christmas.

The temple in honor of the Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary was consecrated in 1719, and three years later, Emperor Peter I arrived in Nizhny Novgorod, was at the Divine Liturgy in the Stroganov Church. After that, the temple was closed. Perhaps the reason for the closure was that in two icons of the local rank (they have survived to the present), the emperor recognized the icons that he ordered to master Karavak for the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg. Grigory Dmitrievich took care of decorating his church and, seeing them in the artist’s workshop, secretly bought them from the sovereign, asking Karavak to write others for the Peter and Paul Church. There are clocks on the bell tower of the Stroganov Church, which, in addition to the passage of time, also show the course of the sun and the phases of the moon. This watch surprised the brilliant Nizhny Novgorod inventor, self-taught Ivan Petrovich Kulibin, and, perhaps, helped to arouse his interest in mechanics.

The temple burned repeatedly (in 1768, 1782, 1788). The bell tower, which used to stand separately, was connected to the porch with a covered passage at the level of the second tier. In 1913 the temple was completely restored outside and inside, and in the 1930s it was closed by the Bolsheviks. During the Great Patriotic War, the pharmacy warehouse was located in the church premises, thanks to which the iconostasis was preserved - of the 46 icons of the late XVII century, 43 survived to our time. All the rest of the church decoration was lost. In the 60s of the XX century, the Stroganov Church was transferred to the museum of local lore under one of the branches, which occupied it until 1993. On June 3, 1993, the Stroganov Christmas Church was consecrated anew by the Metropolitan of Nizhny Novgorod and Arzamas Nicholas (1977–2001) with a host of clergy, with many people gathered. The consecration was attended by representatives of the city and regional administration, the Grand Duchesses Leonida Georgievna and Maria Vladimirovna Romanova, the youth prince George, as well as the film director Nikita Mikhalkov who accompanied them, who subsequently repeatedly helped to rebuild the church.

Nowadays both Cathedrals are restored being the examples of wonderful architectural masterpieces.

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V.M.Bludova1, T.S.Shmeleva1, E.A. Aleshugina2

1School 14, Balakhna,

2Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering)

RECUPERATION SYSTEM OF AN ENGINE WITH ADDITION OF

PELTIE ELEMENTS

At present, the development of civilization has reached a critical level of the most important parameters of its existence. The reserves of natural resources and the Earth ecological capacity are drying up so quickly that this, in fact, caused a problem called “sustainable development”. Transport and the fuel it consumes play one of the most significant roles in this issue. Road transport is of great importance in the common transport system of the modern world. It is widely used in all sectors of the economy.

The state-of-the-art technology and development forecasts for the automotive energy industry for the near future suggest that despite the sheer development of power plants with alternative energy sources heat engines. Improving the efficiency and environmental friendliness of motor transport today is one of the priority state tasks. Thus, this work has its relevance in our time. Thus, the goals of the research work are the following:

1.To achieve a reduction in the level of environmental pollution by harmful residues of the engine operation.

2.To reduce the cost of fuel, using heat recovery ICE.

The use of ICE recovery technology using Peltier elements will allow us to reduce fuel consumption in cars, and therefore reduce environmental pollution from exhaust gases. Compounds such as CO, SO2, N2O, various hydrocarbons, and lead compounds are the most dangerous by-products from fuel combustion.

Thanks to our idea, it is possible to reduce the amount of this harmful substances emitted into the atmosphere (in kg) by 1-4%, depending on various car models. This % is especially important with respect to CO emissions, as automobile emissions account for 75% to 95% of all emissions of a given substance.

To assess the quality of our project, we will consider the hygienic indicators of ergonomics, since the remaining ergonomic indicators (anthropometric, physiological, psychological) have no connection with our modification of ICE. So, hygiene indicators include temperature, noise, vibration, etc.

1. Temperature: The positive result of our modification is that less heat will be generated during engine operation. In the car, excess heat, which has not turned into mechanical energy in the internal combustion engine, is dissipated, and due to Peltier elements it will be converted into electricity.

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2. The noise: As you know, one of the advantages of Peltier elements is the absence of noise. Therefore, it can be argued that when they are added to the ICE package, the noise from the working vehicle will be quieter than when using a conventional ICE.

3. Vibration: At this point, a conventional ICE is in no way inferior to an advanced one. Adding Peltier elements to the engine does not affect the vibration of the car.

This modification of the internal combustion engine has advantages in environmental friendliness, profitability, thus, positively influencing the person. When implementing our idea, there was no negative impact on collectors or the environment.

Aesthetics.

Adding Peltier elements to the internal combustion engine (Fig.1), we remove the generator, thereby obtaining a reduced and lightweight engine model. That is, we do not need additional space in the car to install an advanced engine, it will harmoniously fit into the structure of the car. In addition, engine performance is growing, since we do not spend useful energy on a generator.

Figure 1. Lenoir engine with added Peltier elements

One of the main goals of our project is to obtain economic benefits, an improved internal combustion engine using Peltier elements. Thus, in the economic part of the project, it is necessary to calculate the profit obtained by refusing the car generator in favor of Peltier elements. You need to find the difference between the amount saved on fuel and the cost of installing Peltier elements. In our case, it is AI-95 gasoline. It is possible to replace the generator with a diesel engine.

Thus, we can conclude that the modernized engine has both advantages and some disadvantages. As we have already noted, the advantages include significant fuel economy, environmental friendliness, and economic benefits. There is one drawback - the complexity of the design of the engine and car. But, as we see, the advantages overlap with the shortcomings of our work, as they positively affect the development of mankind. Of course, to produce all the engines based on our

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model, a lot of elements will be required, and this is expensive, but subsequently this technology can become an excellent alternative to an environmentally friendly generator.

E.S. Trishkina1, E.A. Aleshugina2

¹МАОУ «Гимназия№2» Н. Новгород, ²Нижегородский государственный архитектурно-строительный

университет

ANALYSIS OF A. A. BLOK'S POETRY

The article is devoted to creative works of one of the most famous Russian poets A.A. Block. Block's creativity is unique. It coincided with important historical events at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The fate of the country and the personal fate of the author merged into one. The rhythm of the story is vividly reflected in the lyrics.

The object of the research is A.A. Blok poems.

The aim of the research is to reveal the main themes of his poems and analyze them.

Blok can also be called a modernist, since one of the poet's missions was to translate the culture of the past into a modern way. Despite the beauty and spirituality of the poems, the author emphasized the echoes of anguish, despair, loss and a sense of impending tragedy. But with all this, the poet has always remained a romantic.

The main themes of Block’s creativity:

1.the fate of the Motherland and the fate of man in critical historical

epochs;

2.the revolution and the role of the intelligentsia in it;

3.true love and friendship;

4.fate and fate, fear and impending despair;

5.the role of the poet and poetry in society;

6.the inextricable link between man and nature;

7.religion and the universe.

Russia is the main lyrical theme of the Unit in which he found inspiration and strength for life. Homeland appears in the form of a mother, lover, bride and wife.

The image of the Motherland has undergone a peculiar evolution. At first it is mysterious, shrouded as if by a veil. The country is perceived through the prism of a beautiful dream: "extraordinary", "mysterious", "dense" and " magical". In the poem "Russia" the Motherland appears as a "beggar", with gray huts. The author loves her with a tender and heartfelt love that has nothing to do

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with pity. The poet accepted tormented Russia with all its ulcers and tried to love. He knew that it was the same dear home, only dressed in different clothes: dark and repulsive. Blok sincerely believed that Russia would sooner or later appear in bright clothes of morality and dignity.

The poet sees Russia in motion. In the cycle "on the Kulikovo field" she appears in the majestic image of a "steppe Mare", rushing "at a gallop". The path to the future of the country is difficult and painful.

A note of foresight sounds in the poem "On the railroad", where Block draws a parallel to the difficult fate of the Motherland with the heavy and tragic fate of women. Revolutionary flame lighted up the face of the Block and gradually beat down his most secret dreams.

Each poem of the poet keeps a hidden symbol that helps to feel his taste. That is what connects the poet with the symbolists-a modernist movement, relating to the silver age of Russian poetry. At the very beginning of his career, Blok perceived the phenomena of the world as something otherworldly, unreal. Therefore, in his work there are many symbols that reveal new facets of the lyrical image. They were chosen, rather, intuitively. The lyrics are filled with nebula, mysticism, dreams and even magic.

Mystical and intuitive view of the world pursued the poet everywhere. Alexander Alexandrovich felt that the country was on the threshold of something terrible, global, something that would turn and cripple millions of lives. The revolution was coming.

Blok creates the symbolism of colors in his poetry. Red color-attractive and alluring, the color of passion, love and life. White and light is something pure, harmonious and perfect. Blue color symbolizes the starry sky, deep space, something high and unattainable. Black and purple are the colors of tragedy and death. Yellow is the color of decay and decay.

Block sought to Express his feelings and emotions, not just describe the world around him. Each poem he passed through himself, through his soul, so the stanzas are imbued with his attitude, joys and anxieties, triumph and pain.

Love, like a breeze, enters the creation of the Unit.

In the poem "About the exploits of courage, about the glory..." the master is speaking to his wife. She was the Muse of Alexander Alexandrovich. In it the poet saw the embodiment of their ideals. Block uses techniques to emphasize the sharp contrast between the illusions of the lyrical hero and the true appearance of his beloved: this is achieved by contrasting gray and blue colors and replacing the address "You" with "you". The poet was forced to abandon this contrast and in the final version of the text to change the tone of the appeal to his heroine to a more restrained. This desire to rise above the purely everyday perception of personal drama to its philosophical understanding is characteristic of Blok's talent.

Another woman, a mother, occupied an important place in Blok's life. The poet trusted her with all his secrets. In the poem "Friend, look how in the plain of

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