- •Предисловие
- •Information technologies in logistics development
- •Part II logistics development and its basic concepts
- •1. Logistics development and its basic concepts
- •1. Orally – 10 min., trying to call to memory all necessary words and expressions
- •2. In written form- 30 min. Compare your translation with the given sample p.
- •1. Orally – 10 min., trying to call to memory all necessary words and expressions
- •2. In written form- 30 min. Compare your translation with the given sample p.
- •1. Orally – 10 min., trying to call to memory all necessary words and expressions
- •2. In written form- 30 min. Compare your translation with the given sample p.
- •1. Orally – 10 min., trying to call to memory all necessary words and expressions
- •2. In written form- 30 min. Compare your translation with the given sample p.
- •1. Orally – 10 min., trying to call to memory all necessary words and expressions
- •2. In written form- 30 min. Compare your translation with the given sample p.
- •1. Orally – 10 min., trying to call to memory all necessary words and expressions
- •2. In written form- 30 min. Compare your translation with the given sample p.
- •1. Orally – 10 min., trying to call to memory all necessary words and expressions
- •2. In written form- 30 min. Compare your translation with the given sample p.
- •1. Orally – 10 min., trying to call to memory all necessary words and expressions
- •2. In written form- 30 min. Compare your translation with the given sample p.
- •1. Orally – 10 min., trying to call to memory all necessary words and expressions
- •2. In written form- 30 min. Compare your translation with the given sample p.
- •1. Orally – 10 min., trying to call to memory all necessary words and expressions
- •2. In written form- 30 min. Compare your translation with the given sample p.
- •References
Part II logistics development and its basic concepts
Comprehension reading
TEXT 1. LOGISTICS DEVELOPMENT – STAGE 1
Task 1: Scan through the Russian text to grasp its general idea (2 min)
Логистика начала формироваться в 1950-х годах, но это не означает, что характерные для логистики процессы не осуществлялись ранее в хозяйственной деятельности, они выполнялись разрозненно без какой-либо логистической, в современном понимании, концепции управления. Многие исследователи рассматривают эволюцию логистики, которая произошла в странах с развитой рыночной экономикой В развитии логистики отмечают несколько этапов.
Этап 1 характеризуется обособлением самостоятельных и фрагментарных действий в сферах закупок, складирования, дистрибуции.
Данный этап развития логистики в ряде источников называют периодом «фрагментации». Отдельные логистические операции были важны с точки зрения снижения составляющих затрат, например, при транспортировке, выполнении складских операций, производстве. Логистические операции выполнялись, не основываясь на какой-либо логистической концепции. В логистике не было необходимости, поскольку рынок не был насыщен, спрос превышал предложение, и производители едва справлялись с потребностями расширяющегося рынка, то есть имелась ситуация рынка продавцов. Основной концепцией управления предприятием являлся традиционный в современном понимании менеджмент. Рассматриваемый период важен тем, что в нем были сформулированы предпосылки будущего внедрения логистики, наиболее важной из которых является зарождение концепции маркетинга. К прочим предпосылкам относятся: возрастание запасов и транспортных затрат в системах распределения; рост транспортных тарифов; развитие теории и практики военной логистики.
Так, некоторые авторы этапу фрагментации логистических действий отводят 1960-е годы, а другие – 1950-е годы, в то время как другие специалисты считают, что первый этап развития логистики охватывает 1920-1950 е годы. Есть и такая точка зрения когда эволюция логистики рассматривается без указания временных границ отдельных этапов.
Task 2. After scanning the text answer the question: what is the text about?
Task 3. Read the English text attentively paying attention to the underlying idea
1. Logistics development and its basic concepts
Though logistics dates as far back as 1950 , it does not mean that it has started from scratch and the logistics processes, related to it, had not taken place in economic activities before; the thing is logistic management ,in the modern sense, has not been applied yet and all logistic processes were odd parts and were not based on any concept of management. The evolution of logistics which occurred in countries with the developed market economy is considered by many researches [19, 47, 48, 68, etc.] There are some stages in logistics development.
Stage 1 is characterized by the isolation of independent and fragmentary activities in the field of purchasing, warehousing, distribution. This stage of development in logistics in some scientific sources is called “fragmentation“ period. Separate logistics operations were important from the point of view of costs reduction, for example, in transportation, warehousing activities, production. Logistics operations were performed without any logistic concept. There was no need in logistics, since the market has not been saturated yet, demand exceeded want and the manufacturers could hardly cope with the expanding market needs; actually, it was the time of sellers’ market. The dominating form of management at the enterprise was, the so called ,traditional management.
The period under review is important because prerequisites for the future implementation of logistics were formulated, the most important of which is the origin of the concept of marketing. To other preconditions refer: inventory and transportation costs increase in the distributional centers; transportation tariffs raise; development of the
theory and practice of military logistics.
Despite similarity in general characterization of the initial stage of logistics development the authors of some works [47, 48, 68] disagree on the temporal boundaries of the stage. Some authors [68] refer the 60s to the fragmentation stage, others [48] refer it to the 50s, while [47] considers, that the first stage of logistic development covers the period from 1920 till 1950. In [19], the evolution of logistics is considered without the time limits of the individual stages.
Task 4. Read the text again and compare it with the translation on the opposite side of the broadside
Логистика начала формироваться в 1950-х годах, но это не означает, что характерные для логистики процессы не осуществлялись ранее в хозяйственной деятельности, они выполнялись разрозненно без какой-либо логистической, в современном понимании, концепции управления. Многие исследователи рассматривают эволюцию логистики, которая произошла в странах с развитой рыночной экономикой. В развитии логистики отмечают несколько этапов. Этап 1 характеризуется обособлением самостоятельных и фрагментарных действий в сферах закупок, складирования, дистрибуции. Данный этап развития логистики в ряде источников называют периодом «фрагментации». Отдельные логистические операции были важны с точки зрения снижения составляющих затрат, например, при транспортировке, выполнении складских операций, производстве. Логистические операции выполнялись, не основываясь на какой-либо логистической концепции. В логистике не было необходимости, поскольку рынок не был насыщен, спрос превышал предложение, и производители едва справлялись с потребностями расширяющегося рынка, то есть имелась ситуация рынка продавцов. Основной концепцией управления предприятием являлся традиционный в современном понимании менеджмент. Рассматриваемый период важен тем, что в нем были сформулированы предпосылки будущего внедрения логистики, наиболее важной из которых является зарождение концепции маркетинга. К прочим предпосылкам относятся: возрастание запасов и транспортных затрат в системах распределения; рост транспортных тарифов; развитие теории и практики военной логистики. Так, некоторые авторы этапу фрагментации логистических действий отводят 1960-е годы, а другие – 1950-е годы, в то время как другие специалисты считают, что первый этап развития логистики охватывает 1920-1950 е годы. Есть и такая точка зрения когда эволюция логистики рассматривается без указания временных границ отдельных этапов. |
Though logistics dates as far back as 1950 , it does not mean that it has started from scratch and the logistics processes, related to it, had not taken place in economic activities before; the thing is logistic management ,in the modern sense, has not been applied yet and all logistic processes were odd parts and were not based on any concept of management. The evolution of logistics which occurred in countries with the developed market economy is considered by many researches [19, 47, 48, 68, etc.] There are some stages in logistics development. Stage 1 is characterized by the isolation of independent and fragmentary activities in the field of purchasing, warehousing, distribution. This stage of development in logistics in some scientific sources is called “fragmentation“ period. Separate logistics operations were important from the point of view of costs reduction, for example, in transportation, warehousing activities, production. Logistics operations were performed without any logistic concept. There was no need in logistics, since the market has not been saturated yet, demand exceeded want and the manufacturers could hardly cope with the expanding market needs; actually, it was the time of sellers’ market. The dominating form of management at the enterprise was, so called ,traditional management. The period under review is important because prerequisites for the future implementation of logistics were formulated, the most important of which is the origin of the concept of marketing. To other preconditions refer: inventory and transportation costs increase in the distributional centers; transportation tariffs raise; development of the theory and practice of military logistics. Despite similarity in general characterization of the initial stage of logistics development the authors of some works [47, 48, 68] disagree on the temporal boundaries of the stage. Some authors [68] refer the 60s to the fragmentation stage, others [48] refer it to the 50s, while [47] considers, that the first stage of logistic development covers the period from 1920 till 1950. In [19], the evolution of logistics is considered without anyindication the time limits of the individual stages.
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Task 5. Compare equivalents underlined on both sides of the broadside. Try to memorize them
Task 6. Insert a required word or phrase in the blanks. Consult the dictionary if need be
costs reduction
demand
inventory and transportation costs
logistic concept
logistics development
logistics operations
market economy countries
needs
saturate
sellers’ market
transportation tariffs
The problem of _________________ characteristic for _______________________is considered by many researches.
Some _________________ were important from the point of view of ________________________.
Logistics operations were performed without any ________________________.
There was no need in logistics, since the market has not been _________________yet, ______________exceeded supply and the manufacturers could hardly cope with expanding market ____________; actually, it was _____________time.
To other premises refer: _________________________________ increase in distributional centers; _________________raise; theoretical and practical development of military logistics.
Task 7. Checking up: read English sample of translation p….. refreshing in your memory underlined words and expressions to be ready for oral and written translation
Task 8. Test – translation. Translate the passage from Russian into English: