- •Law and science учебноe пособие по английскому языку
- •Часть 1, 2 и 6 – о.Л. Федотова
- •Часть 3 и 4 – а.В. Заикина
- •Часть 5 - а.И. Контанистова
- •2. Give Russian equivalents to the following English collocations from the text:
- •Match the word with its definition:
- •4. Complete the sentences according to the text and translate them into Russian:
- •5. Give explanations or definitions to the words given below:
- •6. Read the following “wise thoughts”, fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from exercise 5 and agree or disagree with them. Give your grounds:
- •7. Translate sentences into Russian:
- •8. Make up a summary of the text (in English). Text 2
- •Lawyers and scientists
- •1. Read the text and decide whether these statements are true (t) or false (f):
- •2. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text: lawyers and scientists in court
- •3. Using information from the chart make up a conclusion what they have in common and what is different.
- •4. Think over the question: Whose work seems more attractive for you? Give your grounds.
- •Expert witness
- •1. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text:
- •2. Retell the text using information from the chart. Text 4
- •Forensic experts
- •1. Read the text. Make up the plan for the text. What title would be the most suitable for it? (Title)_________________________________________________
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Write down an abstract to the text using information given below about its structure.
- •Solve the puzzle and find the hidden word (vertical):
- •2. Choose the right answer:
- •3. Read the text:
- •Determine if the following statements are:
- •2. Determine the main idea of the text:
- •Glossary
- •1. Give English equivalents from the text to the following Russian terms and word combinations:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents to the following English terms and word combinations:
- •4. Translate the sentences from the text paying special attention to the function of the word ‘these’:
- •5. Find synonyms from the text to the following words:
- •6. Match the word with its definition:
- •7. Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •8. Combine words from different columns to get a verb-noun collocation from the text and write down your own sentences with them:
- •Make up a summary of the text (in English). Text 2
- •1. Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •What is forensic science?
- •2. Compare text a and b. Complete the chart with the omitted information from text a. Text 2
- •Text 3
- •1. Read the text and decide whether these statements are true (t) or false (f):
- •The scope of forensic science
- •2. Read the text and complete the lists of terms describing each area of science that has forensic applications:
- •3. Read possible definitions of the notion «Forensic Science», which of them is the best in your opinion. Give your reasons.
- •4. Make up an abstract of the text in writing using key words from exercise 2. Text 4
- •1. Read the text and answer the questions:
- •What is a forensic scientist?
- •2. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text:
- •3. Render the text using information from the chart. Text 5
- •1. Read the text. Make up the plan for the text. What title would be the most suitable for it?
- •(Title)_________________________________________________
- •2. Read the text and answer the questions:
- •3. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text and retell it.
- •4. Act as interpreter:
- •5. Render the text below in English (see p. 128). Судебная экспертиза
- •Test yourselves:
- •1. Solve the puzzle and find the hidden word (shadowed):
- •2. Read the text:
- •1. Determine if the following statement is:
- •2. Determine the main idea of the text:
- •3. Read the text and replace Russian words in brackets with their English equivalents:
- •Glossary
- •1. Give English equivalents from the text to the following Russian terms and word combinations:
- •2. Match the English words from the text with their Russian equivalents:
- •3. Find the word from exercises 1 and 2 for each definition:
- •4. Fill in the gaps:
- •5. Find synonyms from the text to the following words:
- •6. Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •7. Translate the sentences paying special attention to the meanings of the phrasal verb ‘look’:
- •8. Translate into English:
- •9. Highlight the main points of the text and give a summary of the text. Text 2
- •Forensic document examination
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Make up sentences using the words below (the first word in the sentence is in bold type):
- •3. Complete the scheme with proper information from the text:
- •4. Write down an abstract to the text. Text 3
- •Graphologists vs. Forensic document examiners
- •1. Skim the text and answer the questions:
- •2. Look at the handwriting analysis sample and determine if it was done by a graphologist or a forensic document examiner. Give your reasons.
- •3. Think over the questions:
- •Comprehensive questions:
- •Tick the true statements and correct the false ones.
- •Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text:
- •Text 5
- •Graphology
- •1. Compare text I and text 5 and find out what differs forensic analysis of handwriting from
- •2. Render the text in English: графология. Графологическая экспертиза
- •3 . Act as interpreter:
- •4. Test youselves:
- •1. Choose the right answer
- •2. Fill in the chart with the information that you can remember from text 3 and text 4:
- •Glossary
- •1. Give English equivalents from the text to the following Russian terms and word combinations:
- •2. Match the English words from the text with their Russian equivalents:
- •3. Match the words with their definitions:
- •4. Fill in the gaps:
- •5. Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •6. Translate the sentences paying special attention to Gerund and Participle I forms:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •Highlight the main points of the text and give a summary. Text 2
- •Stylistics and questioned authorship
- •1. Comprehensive questions:
- •2. Tick the true statements and correct the false ones:
- •3. Fill in the chart and write down an abstract of the text:
- •Text 3
- •Plagiarism
- •1. Skim the text and find:
- •2. Look closer at the types of plagiarism and then look at the samples of plagiarism to determine the type. Give your reasons:
- •Text 4
- •Software forensics
- •What is ….?
- •(Title)_________________________________________________
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •3. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text and retell it.
- •4. Render the text below in English. Судебно-автороведческая экспертиза
- •Glossary
- •Give English equivalents to the word combinations given bellow:
- •2. Find the words or word combinations in the text which mean the following:
- •3. Working with the text find synonyms to the following words:
- •Match the words to make word partnerships and use them in your own sentences:
- •Fill in the gaps using the words from the box:
- •6. Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •8. Make up a summary of the text (in English). Text 2 the work of a forensic linguist
- •Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •2. Fill in the table using information from the text. Add your own ideas:
- •3. Render the text using the information from the table.
- •4. Look through the interview with Tim Grant, Deputy Director at the Centre for Forensic Linguistics at Aston University and match the interviewer’s questions with the answers.
- •7. On the basis of the information you have received prepare a report on the topic “The work of a forensic linguist”. Text 3
- •Read the text and decide whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). If the statement is false, correct it.
- •The areas of forensic linguistics
- •2. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text and retell it.
- •Судебная лингвистика
- •Text 4 forensic phonetics
- •1. Look through the text and match the subtitles with the necessary passage:
- •Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •Make up a short summary of the text. Text 5
- •1. Read the text and answer the questions:
- •2. Make up an abstract of the text in writing.
- •3. Render the text bellow in English. Судебная фонетика
- •4. Test yourselves:
- •I. Reading.
- •1. Read the text and choose the most suitable heading bellow for each of the numbered paragraphs. One heading is an odd one out.
- •2. The following sentences have been removed from the text. Decide in which numbered gap each one should go. (There is one extra sentence which you don’t have to use).
- •3. Define the main idea of the text and express it in one or two sentences.
- •II. Vocabulary Work
- •1. Write down the words which mean the following:
- •2. Read the text and translate the words in brackets.
- •Glossary
- •Unit 6 forensic examination of digital evidence
- •Read the text and answer the questions:
- •4. Guess the word from the text by means of its definition:
- •4. Make up the glossary of the text and learn these terms by heart. Text 2 how is digital evidence processed?
- •1. Read the text and make up the list of verbs closely associated with each step of the process:
- •2. Make up your helpful tips for forensic examiner (Dos and Don’ts list) using as many verbs as possible.
- •3. Write down a memo for the staff how they should deal with evidence examined.
- •Important points to remember:
- •Text 3 documenting and reporting
- •Illustrate the meanings of these words in your own sentences.
- •Make up the lists of their synonyms and antonyms.
- •Examiner's report
- •Case brief 1 report memorandum
- •Summary of Findings:
- •Items Analyzed:
- •Details of Findings:
- •Ima Examiner
- •Ima d. Examiner
- •Glossary
- •1. Do you know the format of this document? What document is it? What are its characteristics?
- •2. Do you know the format of this document? What document is it? What are its characteristics?
- •3. Look at the computer displays and guess what types of business documents are being printed:
- •Additional texts for rendering text 1 qualifications of a forensic examiner
- •Text 2 functions of a forensic document examiner
- •Text 3 collection of writng standards
- •Text 4 process of comparison
- •Text 5 photocopy examination
- •Text 6 the linguistic investigation of authorship
- •Структура реферата:
- •Логико-грамматические лексические единицы
- •Contents
2. Tick the true statements and correct the false ones:
1. Forensic stylistics is the application of the science of linguistic stylistics to forensic contexts.
2. The focus of forensic stylistics is speaker identification of questioned audio.
3. Linguistic stylistics use many approaches to authorship identification.
4. Qualitative and quantitative methods are always applied separately.
5. Typical cases of questioned authorship present a questioned writing to be compared to the known reference writings of one or more candidate authors.
6. The writing style is exhibited in underlying linguistic patterns internal to the habitual language used by the author.
3. Fill in the chart and write down an abstract of the text:
Text 3
Pre-reading:
Look at the heading of the text.
What is the text about?
How can you define plagiarism?
Do you know the types of plagiarism?
Plagiarism
Plagiarism, as defined in the 1995 Random House Compact Unabridged Dictionary, is the "use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's own original work." Within academia, plagiarism by students, professors, or researchers is considered as academic dishonesty or academic fraud and offenders are subject to academic censure, up to and including expulsion. In journalism, plagiarism is considered as a breach of journalistic ethics, and reporters caught plagiarizing typically face disciplinary measures ranging from suspension to termination.
While plagiarism in scholarship and journalism has a centuries-old history, the development of the Internet, where articles appear as electronic text, has made the physical act of copying the work of others much easier, simply by copying and pasting text from one web page to another.
There are several different kinds of plagiarism:
-
Type I:
Copy & Paste
Type II:
Word Switch
Type III:
Style
Type IV:
Metaphor
Type V
Idea
Plagiarism detection is the process of locating instances of plagiarism within a work or document. The widespread use of computers and the advent of the Internet has made it easier to plagiarize the work of others.
Detection can be either manual or computer-assisted. Manual detection requires substantial effort and excellent memory, and is impractical in cases where too many documents must be compared, or original documents are not available for comparison. Computer-assisted detection allows vast collections of documents to be compared to each other, making successful detection much more likely.
1. Skim the text and find:
a) the definition of plagiarism
b) the types of plagiarism
c) the definition of plagiarism detection
d) the ways of plagiarism detection
2. Look closer at the types of plagiarism and then look at the samples of plagiarism to determine the type. Give your reasons:
Copy & Paste Plagiarism: Any time you lift a sentence or significant phrase intact from a source, you must use quotations marks and reference the source.
Word Switch Plagiarism: If you take a sentence from a source and change around a few words, it is still plagiarism. If you want to quote a sentence, then you need to put it in quotation marks and cite the author and article.
Style Plagiarism: When you follow a Source Article sentence-by-sentence or paragraph-by-paragraph, it is plagiarism, even though none of your sentences is exactly like those in the Source Article or even in the same order. What you are copying in this case, is the author's reasoning style.
Metaphor Plagiarism: Metaphors are used either to make an idea clearer or give the reader an analogy that touches the senses or emotions better than a plain description of the object or process. If you cannot come up with your own metaphor to illustrate an important idea, then use the metaphor in the Source Article, but give the author credit for it.
Idea Plagiarism: If the author of the source article expresses a creative idea or suggests a solution to a problem, the idea or solution must be clearly attributed to the author.
SOURCE ARTICLE |
PLAGIARISM |
This picture of the constellation Cygnus, the Swan, in visible light looks rather dull. Yet at an infrared wavelength of 60 the region looks very different. In infrared light we can see a glittering jewel-box of new born stars peeking out of the dust clouds that lie between us and the center of our Galaxy. |
Although dusty clouds block our vision of stellar nurseries, infrared light reveals them. These newborns glitter like a jewel box and seem to be peeking at us from behind the dust obscuring them.
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Brown dwarfs rank among the most elusive objects in the universe. With masses from about 15 to 80 times that of Jupiter, they are bigger than planets but too small to ignite the nuclear fusion reactions that cause stars to shine. |
Brown dwarfs are difficult to locate and rank among the most elusive objects in the universe. Brown dwarfs have masses from about 15 to 80 times that of Jupiter. Scientists have determined that brown dwarfs are bigger than planets, however, they are too small to ignite nuclear fusion reactions which cause stars to shine.
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Hot stars at 30,000 degrees emit a lot more blue light than red light, and so hot stars look blue or bluish-white. Cool stars at 3,000 degrees give off more red light than blue, and so these stars look red. |
Stars considered to be hot are 30,000 degrees, whereas stars as cool as 3,000 degrees are considered to be cold.
???___________________________
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Especially since the launch of HST and the unprecedented clarity of the images satellites have given us, you've all seen on the news or in books, beautiful color pictures of various sights in the cosmos. But is this the way you would see these objects if you went there? Well, to tackle that question, first we have to consider the nature of light and color. Light is made of waves of electromagnetic radiation. We perceive different wavelengths of visible light as different colors. |
Everyone is interested in astronomical images, especially since the launch of HST and the unprecedented clarity of the images satellites have given us. But is this the way you would see these objects if you went there?
???___________________________ |
Especially since the launch of HST and the unprecedented clarity of the images satellites have given us, You've all seen on the news or in books, beautiful color pictures of various sights in the cosmos. But is this the way you would see these objects if you went there? Well, to tackle that question, first we have to talk about the nature of light and color. Light is made of waves of electromagnetic radiation. We perceive different wavelengths as different colors. All solid bodies emit light: stars, rocks and people included. The temperature of the star, rock or person determines which wavelength of light will be most strongly radiated. In the constellation Orion, the upper left star is Betelgeuse (Armpit of the giant), 520 l-y distant. Betelgeuse is a supergiant star, 14,000 times brighter than our sun. and so big, if you were to put Betelgeuse in place of our sun, its surface would reach all the way out to Jupiter. Betelgeuse's color is bright red. On the other hand, another supergiant star, Rigel, with a luminosity 57,000 times that of the sun, appears whitish-blue. The reason that Betelgeuse is red and Rigel is blue is that their surface temperatures are different. Hot stars at 30,000 degrees emit a lot more blue light than red light, and so hot stars look blue or bluish-white. Cool stars at 3,000 degrees give off more red light than blue, and so these stars look red. |
The beautiful pictures that the space telescope has given us show spectacular color. But is the color real? First, we have to consider what light and color are. Different wavelengths of light correspond to different colors, and light is called electromagnetic radiation. The temperature of an object determines the color of light emitted, and all things, including people, emit light. In the constellation Orion, the star Betelgeuse is a huge, giant star, as big as the orbit of Jupiter. Betelgeuse is red. Another star in Orion, Rigel, is blue. The reason that they are different colors is that they each have a different surface temperature. Cold stars are at about 3,000 degrees and emit more red than blue light and very hot stars emit blue light since they have temperatures of about 30,000 degrees.
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