- •Law and science учебноe пособие по английскому языку
- •Часть 1, 2 и 6 – о.Л. Федотова
- •Часть 3 и 4 – а.В. Заикина
- •Часть 5 - а.И. Контанистова
- •2. Give Russian equivalents to the following English collocations from the text:
- •Match the word with its definition:
- •4. Complete the sentences according to the text and translate them into Russian:
- •5. Give explanations or definitions to the words given below:
- •6. Read the following “wise thoughts”, fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from exercise 5 and agree or disagree with them. Give your grounds:
- •7. Translate sentences into Russian:
- •8. Make up a summary of the text (in English). Text 2
- •Lawyers and scientists
- •1. Read the text and decide whether these statements are true (t) or false (f):
- •2. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text: lawyers and scientists in court
- •3. Using information from the chart make up a conclusion what they have in common and what is different.
- •4. Think over the question: Whose work seems more attractive for you? Give your grounds.
- •Expert witness
- •1. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text:
- •2. Retell the text using information from the chart. Text 4
- •Forensic experts
- •1. Read the text. Make up the plan for the text. What title would be the most suitable for it? (Title)_________________________________________________
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Write down an abstract to the text using information given below about its structure.
- •Solve the puzzle and find the hidden word (vertical):
- •2. Choose the right answer:
- •3. Read the text:
- •Determine if the following statements are:
- •2. Determine the main idea of the text:
- •Glossary
- •1. Give English equivalents from the text to the following Russian terms and word combinations:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents to the following English terms and word combinations:
- •4. Translate the sentences from the text paying special attention to the function of the word ‘these’:
- •5. Find synonyms from the text to the following words:
- •6. Match the word with its definition:
- •7. Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •8. Combine words from different columns to get a verb-noun collocation from the text and write down your own sentences with them:
- •Make up a summary of the text (in English). Text 2
- •1. Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •What is forensic science?
- •2. Compare text a and b. Complete the chart with the omitted information from text a. Text 2
- •Text 3
- •1. Read the text and decide whether these statements are true (t) or false (f):
- •The scope of forensic science
- •2. Read the text and complete the lists of terms describing each area of science that has forensic applications:
- •3. Read possible definitions of the notion «Forensic Science», which of them is the best in your opinion. Give your reasons.
- •4. Make up an abstract of the text in writing using key words from exercise 2. Text 4
- •1. Read the text and answer the questions:
- •What is a forensic scientist?
- •2. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text:
- •3. Render the text using information from the chart. Text 5
- •1. Read the text. Make up the plan for the text. What title would be the most suitable for it?
- •(Title)_________________________________________________
- •2. Read the text and answer the questions:
- •3. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text and retell it.
- •4. Act as interpreter:
- •5. Render the text below in English (see p. 128). Судебная экспертиза
- •Test yourselves:
- •1. Solve the puzzle and find the hidden word (shadowed):
- •2. Read the text:
- •1. Determine if the following statement is:
- •2. Determine the main idea of the text:
- •3. Read the text and replace Russian words in brackets with their English equivalents:
- •Glossary
- •1. Give English equivalents from the text to the following Russian terms and word combinations:
- •2. Match the English words from the text with their Russian equivalents:
- •3. Find the word from exercises 1 and 2 for each definition:
- •4. Fill in the gaps:
- •5. Find synonyms from the text to the following words:
- •6. Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •7. Translate the sentences paying special attention to the meanings of the phrasal verb ‘look’:
- •8. Translate into English:
- •9. Highlight the main points of the text and give a summary of the text. Text 2
- •Forensic document examination
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Make up sentences using the words below (the first word in the sentence is in bold type):
- •3. Complete the scheme with proper information from the text:
- •4. Write down an abstract to the text. Text 3
- •Graphologists vs. Forensic document examiners
- •1. Skim the text and answer the questions:
- •2. Look at the handwriting analysis sample and determine if it was done by a graphologist or a forensic document examiner. Give your reasons.
- •3. Think over the questions:
- •Comprehensive questions:
- •Tick the true statements and correct the false ones.
- •Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text:
- •Text 5
- •Graphology
- •1. Compare text I and text 5 and find out what differs forensic analysis of handwriting from
- •2. Render the text in English: графология. Графологическая экспертиза
- •3 . Act as interpreter:
- •4. Test youselves:
- •1. Choose the right answer
- •2. Fill in the chart with the information that you can remember from text 3 and text 4:
- •Glossary
- •1. Give English equivalents from the text to the following Russian terms and word combinations:
- •2. Match the English words from the text with their Russian equivalents:
- •3. Match the words with their definitions:
- •4. Fill in the gaps:
- •5. Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •6. Translate the sentences paying special attention to Gerund and Participle I forms:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •Highlight the main points of the text and give a summary. Text 2
- •Stylistics and questioned authorship
- •1. Comprehensive questions:
- •2. Tick the true statements and correct the false ones:
- •3. Fill in the chart and write down an abstract of the text:
- •Text 3
- •Plagiarism
- •1. Skim the text and find:
- •2. Look closer at the types of plagiarism and then look at the samples of plagiarism to determine the type. Give your reasons:
- •Text 4
- •Software forensics
- •What is ….?
- •(Title)_________________________________________________
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •3. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text and retell it.
- •4. Render the text below in English. Судебно-автороведческая экспертиза
- •Glossary
- •Give English equivalents to the word combinations given bellow:
- •2. Find the words or word combinations in the text which mean the following:
- •3. Working with the text find synonyms to the following words:
- •Match the words to make word partnerships and use them in your own sentences:
- •Fill in the gaps using the words from the box:
- •6. Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •8. Make up a summary of the text (in English). Text 2 the work of a forensic linguist
- •Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •2. Fill in the table using information from the text. Add your own ideas:
- •3. Render the text using the information from the table.
- •4. Look through the interview with Tim Grant, Deputy Director at the Centre for Forensic Linguistics at Aston University and match the interviewer’s questions with the answers.
- •7. On the basis of the information you have received prepare a report on the topic “The work of a forensic linguist”. Text 3
- •Read the text and decide whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). If the statement is false, correct it.
- •The areas of forensic linguistics
- •2. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text and retell it.
- •Судебная лингвистика
- •Text 4 forensic phonetics
- •1. Look through the text and match the subtitles with the necessary passage:
- •Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •Make up a short summary of the text. Text 5
- •1. Read the text and answer the questions:
- •2. Make up an abstract of the text in writing.
- •3. Render the text bellow in English. Судебная фонетика
- •4. Test yourselves:
- •I. Reading.
- •1. Read the text and choose the most suitable heading bellow for each of the numbered paragraphs. One heading is an odd one out.
- •2. The following sentences have been removed from the text. Decide in which numbered gap each one should go. (There is one extra sentence which you don’t have to use).
- •3. Define the main idea of the text and express it in one or two sentences.
- •II. Vocabulary Work
- •1. Write down the words which mean the following:
- •2. Read the text and translate the words in brackets.
- •Glossary
- •Unit 6 forensic examination of digital evidence
- •Read the text and answer the questions:
- •4. Guess the word from the text by means of its definition:
- •4. Make up the glossary of the text and learn these terms by heart. Text 2 how is digital evidence processed?
- •1. Read the text and make up the list of verbs closely associated with each step of the process:
- •2. Make up your helpful tips for forensic examiner (Dos and Don’ts list) using as many verbs as possible.
- •3. Write down a memo for the staff how they should deal with evidence examined.
- •Important points to remember:
- •Text 3 documenting and reporting
- •Illustrate the meanings of these words in your own sentences.
- •Make up the lists of their synonyms and antonyms.
- •Examiner's report
- •Case brief 1 report memorandum
- •Summary of Findings:
- •Items Analyzed:
- •Details of Findings:
- •Ima Examiner
- •Ima d. Examiner
- •Glossary
- •1. Do you know the format of this document? What document is it? What are its characteristics?
- •2. Do you know the format of this document? What document is it? What are its characteristics?
- •3. Look at the computer displays and guess what types of business documents are being printed:
- •Additional texts for rendering text 1 qualifications of a forensic examiner
- •Text 2 functions of a forensic document examiner
- •Text 3 collection of writng standards
- •Text 4 process of comparison
- •Text 5 photocopy examination
- •Text 6 the linguistic investigation of authorship
- •Структура реферата:
- •Логико-грамматические лексические единицы
- •Contents
2. Read the text:
Forensic science dates as far back as 212 BC, and the earliest account of using fingerprints for the purpose of establishing identity, as far back as the 7th century.
During the Roman Empire, a criminal charged had to plead their case before a group of their public peers. Both the accuser and the accused would give their side of the story. The individual with the best debate (argumentation and delivery) skills would determine the case's outcome. The person with the best forensic skills won, much like lawyers and attorney do, today.
The first written account of combining entomology and medicine for acquiring an analyzing criminal evidence to solve cases has been attributed to a Chinese book, written in 1248, by Song Ci which translated in English to "Collected Cases of Injustice Rectified".
In one account, the case of a sickle murder was solved by a forensic science investigator of the time who instructed everyone to bring their sickles to a specific location. Flies gathered on the sickle with the blood, and ultimately the killer confessed and was brought to justice.
Note: a sickle – серп
1. Determine if the following statement is:
The earliest report on the application of special knowledge in medicine and entomology for investigation of crimes was given in a Chinese book, written in 1248.
true
false
there is no information in the text.
2. Determine the main idea of the text:
a) There are a lot of historical examples proving the fact that forensic science can help in solving crimes.
b) Forensic science has a long history.
c) The word “forensic” originated from Latin.
3. Read the text and replace Russian words in brackets with their English equivalents:
In the ancient Roman Empire, the Senate used to conduct its meetings in (1. общественном месте) called the forum. Anyone who wanted could listen to the great (2. дебаты) of the day and watch government in action. The term (3. судебный) means "of the forum." In the broadest sense, then, (4. судебная наука) can be defined as the methods of science applied to public matters. Today we use the term to mean the methods of science applied to matters involving (5. система правосудия). In the United States and most other countries, the justice system deals with either (6. вопросами уголовного или гражданского правосудия). Forensic science has its most important applications to the (7. системе уголовного правосудия), and this has been the fuel for the current media type seen in books, TV shows, and movies.
Glossary
1. Forensic science - юр. судебная наука
Forensic science laboratory - лаборатория судебно-медицинской экспертизы
British Academy of Forensic Science - Британская академия судебных наук
Forensic Science Center - экспертно-криминалистический центр
Forensic Sciences Foundation - Фонд судебных наук
Office of Forensic Sciences - экспертно-криминалистическое бюро
2. forensics - криминалистика; судебная медицина
computer forensics - компьютерно-техническая экспертиза
forensics analyst - эксперт-криминалист
Internet Forensics - криминалистическая компьютерная экспертиза следов пребывания в
интернете
Windows Forensics - электронная криминалистическая экспертиза данных под операци-онной системой Windows
nuclear forensics capabilities - система судебного разбирательства в ядерной области
3. forensic (a) - судебный; аналитический
forensic accounting expert examination - судебно-бухгалтерская экспертиза
forensic analysis - криминалистический анализ
forensic anthropologist - судебно-медицинский антрополог
forensic audit - судебно-бухгалтерская экспертиза (процессуальное действие, в ходе которого эксперт-бухгалтер по заданию следователя или судьи изучает первичные бухгалтерские документы для установления фактов, связанных с рассматриваемым делом)
forensic engineer - инженер в области криминалистики
forensic examination - судебная экспертиза
forensic expert - судебный эксперт
forensic expert institution - судебно-экспертное учреждение
forensic facial reconstruction - судебно-экспертная реконструкция лица
forensic information - данные для экспертного анализа
forensic inquiry - судебная экспертиза
forensic laboratory - лаборатория судебной экспертизы
forensic pathology - судебная патологоанатомия
forensic photography - судебная фотография
forensic psychiatric examination - судебно-медицинская экспертиза
forensic psychiatric expert examination - судебно-психиатрическая экспертиза
forensic psychiatry - судебная психиатрия
forensic psychology - судебная психология
forensic report - заключение судебной экспертизы
forensic science laboratory - лаборатория судебно-медицинской экспертизы
forensic statistics - судебная статистика
forensic testimony - показания судебного эксперта
forensic-medical laboratory - судебно-медицинская лаборатория
computer forensic analysis - компьютерно-техническая экспертиза
Central Forensic Customs Administration Центральное экспертно-криминалистическое таможенное управление
4. generalist - универсал; эрудит; человек с широким образованием и кругом интересов,
специалист широкого профиля; эксперт широкого профиля; (мед) - врач общей практики; семейный врач; врач общего профиля
5. impression – юр. восприятие; мнение; представление; след
case of the first impression - дело, по которому не имеется прецедентов
case of the first impression - дело, ставящее новый вопрос права
first impression - рассмотрение дела при отсутствие прецедентов
impressions of traces - оттиски следов
6. physical evidence - вещественное доказательство, физическая улика
tampering with or fabricating physical evidence - фальсификация или фабрикация вещественных доказательств
7. record – (юр) учёт; документ (оформленный надлежащим должностным лицом и служащий доказательством зафиксированного в нем правового акта, сделки, права); досье; отчёт
8. technician – лицо среднего технического персонала
Engineering-technician - инженерно-технический работник
Legal technician - знаток юридической техники
9. trace evidence - следовая улика; трасологическая улика, трасологические доказательства
10. sample – образцы, пробы
blood sample - образец крови
by sample - по образцу
UNIT 3
HANDWRITING IN FORENSICS
TEXT 1
Read and translate the text.
HANDWRITING IN FORENSICS
A person's handwriting has long been recognized as a form of human identification. Handwriting, like fingerprints, contains a combination of characteristics. One of the first things the forensic scientist looks for is the way the lines form the letters. He looks at strokes, pressure, slants, heights, loops, letter spacing, dotted "i's" and crossed "t's" etc. When analyzing writing style, the forensic scientist looks at the handwriting in general, much like you would look at a painting. Make mental notes of the most outstanding traits and try to get a general feeling of the writer. Then, determine the emotional energy of the writer. This is the most important factor of the personality of the writer. A forensic scientist also looks to see if people make ornaments such as circles etc. The scientist also looks at spelling, punctuation, and grammar. All of these characteristics are useful in identifying the writing of a letter or a document. The examiner must be cognizant of the differences between "class characteristics" and "individual characteristics". Class characteristics are those which are common to a group such as a particular writing system, family grouping, foreign language system, or professional group. Individual characteristics are those which are personal or peculiar letters or letter combinations, which, taken together, would not occur in the writing of another person.
When a forensic scientist suspects a person in a forgery case, one of the first things he does is to get a handwriting sample from that suspect - an exemplar. Usually, the scientist tries to get the suspect to write the same text as the suspected forged document with the same type of writing instrument as the forgery (pencil, ballpoint pen, fountain pen, marker, etc.). If the forensic scientist has enough handwriting samples from the suspect, he can usually determine whether or not the suspect has written certain documents.
EXERCISES