- •Law and science учебноe пособие по английскому языку
- •Часть 1, 2 и 6 – о.Л. Федотова
- •Часть 3 и 4 – а.В. Заикина
- •Часть 5 - а.И. Контанистова
- •2. Give Russian equivalents to the following English collocations from the text:
- •Match the word with its definition:
- •4. Complete the sentences according to the text and translate them into Russian:
- •5. Give explanations or definitions to the words given below:
- •6. Read the following “wise thoughts”, fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from exercise 5 and agree or disagree with them. Give your grounds:
- •7. Translate sentences into Russian:
- •8. Make up a summary of the text (in English). Text 2
- •Lawyers and scientists
- •1. Read the text and decide whether these statements are true (t) or false (f):
- •2. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text: lawyers and scientists in court
- •3. Using information from the chart make up a conclusion what they have in common and what is different.
- •4. Think over the question: Whose work seems more attractive for you? Give your grounds.
- •Expert witness
- •1. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text:
- •2. Retell the text using information from the chart. Text 4
- •Forensic experts
- •1. Read the text. Make up the plan for the text. What title would be the most suitable for it? (Title)_________________________________________________
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Write down an abstract to the text using information given below about its structure.
- •Solve the puzzle and find the hidden word (vertical):
- •2. Choose the right answer:
- •3. Read the text:
- •Determine if the following statements are:
- •2. Determine the main idea of the text:
- •Glossary
- •1. Give English equivalents from the text to the following Russian terms and word combinations:
- •2. Give Russian equivalents to the following English terms and word combinations:
- •4. Translate the sentences from the text paying special attention to the function of the word ‘these’:
- •5. Find synonyms from the text to the following words:
- •6. Match the word with its definition:
- •7. Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •8. Combine words from different columns to get a verb-noun collocation from the text and write down your own sentences with them:
- •Make up a summary of the text (in English). Text 2
- •1. Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •What is forensic science?
- •2. Compare text a and b. Complete the chart with the omitted information from text a. Text 2
- •Text 3
- •1. Read the text and decide whether these statements are true (t) or false (f):
- •The scope of forensic science
- •2. Read the text and complete the lists of terms describing each area of science that has forensic applications:
- •3. Read possible definitions of the notion «Forensic Science», which of them is the best in your opinion. Give your reasons.
- •4. Make up an abstract of the text in writing using key words from exercise 2. Text 4
- •1. Read the text and answer the questions:
- •What is a forensic scientist?
- •2. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text:
- •3. Render the text using information from the chart. Text 5
- •1. Read the text. Make up the plan for the text. What title would be the most suitable for it?
- •(Title)_________________________________________________
- •2. Read the text and answer the questions:
- •3. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text and retell it.
- •4. Act as interpreter:
- •5. Render the text below in English (see p. 128). Судебная экспертиза
- •Test yourselves:
- •1. Solve the puzzle and find the hidden word (shadowed):
- •2. Read the text:
- •1. Determine if the following statement is:
- •2. Determine the main idea of the text:
- •3. Read the text and replace Russian words in brackets with their English equivalents:
- •Glossary
- •1. Give English equivalents from the text to the following Russian terms and word combinations:
- •2. Match the English words from the text with their Russian equivalents:
- •3. Find the word from exercises 1 and 2 for each definition:
- •4. Fill in the gaps:
- •5. Find synonyms from the text to the following words:
- •6. Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •7. Translate the sentences paying special attention to the meanings of the phrasal verb ‘look’:
- •8. Translate into English:
- •9. Highlight the main points of the text and give a summary of the text. Text 2
- •Forensic document examination
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Make up sentences using the words below (the first word in the sentence is in bold type):
- •3. Complete the scheme with proper information from the text:
- •4. Write down an abstract to the text. Text 3
- •Graphologists vs. Forensic document examiners
- •1. Skim the text and answer the questions:
- •2. Look at the handwriting analysis sample and determine if it was done by a graphologist or a forensic document examiner. Give your reasons.
- •3. Think over the questions:
- •Comprehensive questions:
- •Tick the true statements and correct the false ones.
- •Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text:
- •Text 5
- •Graphology
- •1. Compare text I and text 5 and find out what differs forensic analysis of handwriting from
- •2. Render the text in English: графология. Графологическая экспертиза
- •3 . Act as interpreter:
- •4. Test youselves:
- •1. Choose the right answer
- •2. Fill in the chart with the information that you can remember from text 3 and text 4:
- •Glossary
- •1. Give English equivalents from the text to the following Russian terms and word combinations:
- •2. Match the English words from the text with their Russian equivalents:
- •3. Match the words with their definitions:
- •4. Fill in the gaps:
- •5. Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •6. Translate the sentences paying special attention to Gerund and Participle I forms:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •Highlight the main points of the text and give a summary. Text 2
- •Stylistics and questioned authorship
- •1. Comprehensive questions:
- •2. Tick the true statements and correct the false ones:
- •3. Fill in the chart and write down an abstract of the text:
- •Text 3
- •Plagiarism
- •1. Skim the text and find:
- •2. Look closer at the types of plagiarism and then look at the samples of plagiarism to determine the type. Give your reasons:
- •Text 4
- •Software forensics
- •What is ….?
- •(Title)_________________________________________________
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •3. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text and retell it.
- •4. Render the text below in English. Судебно-автороведческая экспертиза
- •Glossary
- •Give English equivalents to the word combinations given bellow:
- •2. Find the words or word combinations in the text which mean the following:
- •3. Working with the text find synonyms to the following words:
- •Match the words to make word partnerships and use them in your own sentences:
- •Fill in the gaps using the words from the box:
- •6. Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •8. Make up a summary of the text (in English). Text 2 the work of a forensic linguist
- •Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •2. Fill in the table using information from the text. Add your own ideas:
- •3. Render the text using the information from the table.
- •4. Look through the interview with Tim Grant, Deputy Director at the Centre for Forensic Linguistics at Aston University and match the interviewer’s questions with the answers.
- •7. On the basis of the information you have received prepare a report on the topic “The work of a forensic linguist”. Text 3
- •Read the text and decide whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). If the statement is false, correct it.
- •The areas of forensic linguistics
- •2. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text and retell it.
- •Судебная лингвистика
- •Text 4 forensic phonetics
- •1. Look through the text and match the subtitles with the necessary passage:
- •Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •Make up a short summary of the text. Text 5
- •1. Read the text and answer the questions:
- •2. Make up an abstract of the text in writing.
- •3. Render the text bellow in English. Судебная фонетика
- •4. Test yourselves:
- •I. Reading.
- •1. Read the text and choose the most suitable heading bellow for each of the numbered paragraphs. One heading is an odd one out.
- •2. The following sentences have been removed from the text. Decide in which numbered gap each one should go. (There is one extra sentence which you don’t have to use).
- •3. Define the main idea of the text and express it in one or two sentences.
- •II. Vocabulary Work
- •1. Write down the words which mean the following:
- •2. Read the text and translate the words in brackets.
- •Glossary
- •Unit 6 forensic examination of digital evidence
- •Read the text and answer the questions:
- •4. Guess the word from the text by means of its definition:
- •4. Make up the glossary of the text and learn these terms by heart. Text 2 how is digital evidence processed?
- •1. Read the text and make up the list of verbs closely associated with each step of the process:
- •2. Make up your helpful tips for forensic examiner (Dos and Don’ts list) using as many verbs as possible.
- •3. Write down a memo for the staff how they should deal with evidence examined.
- •Important points to remember:
- •Text 3 documenting and reporting
- •Illustrate the meanings of these words in your own sentences.
- •Make up the lists of their synonyms and antonyms.
- •Examiner's report
- •Case brief 1 report memorandum
- •Summary of Findings:
- •Items Analyzed:
- •Details of Findings:
- •Ima Examiner
- •Ima d. Examiner
- •Glossary
- •1. Do you know the format of this document? What document is it? What are its characteristics?
- •2. Do you know the format of this document? What document is it? What are its characteristics?
- •3. Look at the computer displays and guess what types of business documents are being printed:
- •Additional texts for rendering text 1 qualifications of a forensic examiner
- •Text 2 functions of a forensic document examiner
- •Text 3 collection of writng standards
- •Text 4 process of comparison
- •Text 5 photocopy examination
- •Text 6 the linguistic investigation of authorship
- •Структура реферата:
- •Логико-грамматические лексические единицы
- •Contents
7. Translate the sentences paying special attention to the meanings of the phrasal verb ‘look’:
1. The forensic scientist looks for is the way the lines form the letters.
2. When analyzing writing style, the forensic scientist looks at the handwriting in general.
3. He looks at strokes, pressure, slants, heights, loops, letter spacing, dotted "i's" and crossed "t's".
4. A forensic scientist also looks to see if people make ornaments such as circles.
5. He looked through the questioned document.
6. Look ahead! This laboratory experiment is very dangerous.
7. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.
8. Translate into English:
1. Почерковедение в криминалистике изучает почерк, разрабатывает методы его исследования с целью раскрытия преступлений или установления конкретных обстоятельств по гражданским делам.
2. Общие признаки почерка характеризуют почерк определенного лица в целом и включают наклон, размер букв, нажим и т. д.
3. Частные признаки почерка отражают особенности движений при написании отдельных букв и их элементов (штрихов).
4. Для проведения экспертизы, ученые отбирают образцы почерка лиц, подозреваемых в подлоге.
5. Эксперты утверждают, что по почерку можно определить эмоциональное состояние человека, его настроение.
6. Криминалисты, исследуя документ, анализируют его стиль, орфографию, пунктуацию, грамматику, общие и частные признаки почерка.
9. Highlight the main points of the text and give a summary of the text. Text 2
Read the text:
Forensic document examination
Document Examination, as an established field of scientific study, came into being early in the 20th century as a means of identifying forgery and establishing the authenticity of documents in dispute. It grew out of the need of the Court to be able to correctly evaluate document evidence.
The examination of questioned documents relies on the scientific study of the physical evidence of a document. Physical traces that assist in the questioned document (QD) examination to uncover the history of a document are left in a number of ways: the writing instrument, i.e., pen and ink, pencil, typewriter, computer and printer, etc., the writing surface, such as paper, and information about the writer (or typist), such as physical position and physical, emotional, or mental state. For handwriting, the forensic document examiner observes various features: letter size, formation, and relative proportions, and letter slant, spacing, pressure, line quality, connecting strokes, etc. For typing, the document examiner observes characteristics of the typeface, font style, spacing between letters and lines, and association of a document with a particular machine or type of machine, i.e., typewriter, printer, or copier.
Common criminal charges involved in a document examination case include identity theft, forgery, counterfeiting, fraud, or uttering a forged document. A questioned document may be a sheet of paper bearing handwriting or mechanically-produced text such as a ransom note, a forged cheque or a business contract. It also includes things like graffiti on a wall, stamp impressions on meat products, or covert markings hidden in a written letter, among other things.
The most common type of examination involves handwriting. Handwriting identification is based on the principle: there are individual features that distinguish one person's writing from that of another. Generally, there are three stages in the process of examination:
Analysis: The questioned and the known items are analyzed and broken down to directly perceptible characteristics.
Comparison: The characteristics of the questioned item are then compared against the known standard.
Evaluation: Similarities and/or differences in the compared properties are evaluated and this determines which ones are valuable for a conclusion. This depends on the uniqueness and frequency of occurrence in the items.
Optionally, the procedure may involve a fourth step consisting of verification/validation or peer review.
Modern day questioned document problems are becoming more complex. Fortunately with the advent of specialized photographic techniques, computer-based systems for image enhancement, and recent developments in relative ink and paper dating by forensic chemists, the arsenal of analytical tools continues to expand with more conclusive determinations being made by the competent expert who is familiar with their proper applications and uses.