Занятие 5

Раздел 5

Ткани и их использование

Тема 5.2

Волокна и нити

5.2.3.Шерсть

Образовательная цель

Использование и образование безличных предложений

Развивающая цель

Изучение и использование лексики по теме «Шерсть»

Воспитательная цель

Осознание необходимости изучения профессиональной лексики для дальнейшей успешной работы по специальности

Порядок выполнения заданий

1. Повторение правил образования и использования и структуры вопросительных распространенных предложений с глаголом «to be»

2. Изучение слов из словаря терминов

3. Использование слов из словаря терминов при выполнении проверочных упражнений (А.1. – А.3.)

4. Выполнение упражнений типа В.1. для контроля понимания текста

5. Выполнение задания для самостоятельной работы (С.1.)

Словарь терминов к занятию 5:

ability n способность, умение;

bind v (bound) обшивать, обвязывать (края); binding n; to bind an edge (of a garment); to bind an inside corner; to bind a curve; the bias binding;

blanket n одеяло (шерстяное);

broadcloth n 1. тонкое сукно с шелковистой отделкой; 2. глянцевая ткань плотного переплетения; 3. поплин в мелкий рубчик

check n клетка; checked а клетчатый; stripe n полоса; striped а полосатый; black with a red stripe; a table-cloth with a wide green stripe; Do you want a stripe or a check?

crimp n завиток; а волнистый, завитый; to possess crimp; crimp hair

embroidery n 1. вышивание, вышивка; 2. орнаментация

handle n 1. ручка, рукоятка; 2. качество на ощупь; the handle of a knife; soft in handle; good handling and appearance properties; to have a "wool-like" handle; handle v-1. обращаться (с чем-л. или с кем-л.), ухаживать; 2. трогать, руками; 3. управлять; 4. ощущаться; to learn how to handle; this wool handles soft; to handle a fabric; to handle an edge; to handle the seam properly; to handle the seam on curves and corners

layout n разбивка, разметка, раскладка, расположение (выкройки на материале)

loosen v 1. ослаблять; 2. разрыхлять; З. отпустить; loosening n 1. ослабление; 2. разрыхление; loosely woven fabrics; to remove all loose dirt

luxurious а роскошный

measure n мера, мерка, размер; v измерять, мерить, отмерять; measurement n 1. измерение; 2. pl размеры; to have a suit made to measure сшить костюм на заказ; to take measurements; to measure a piece of cloth

obtain v приобретать; to obtain information; to obtain experience

prevent v предотвращать, предохранять; to prevent war; to prevent eating by moth

process v подвергать обработке, обрабатывать

responsible a 1. ответственный,; 2.надежный, достойный доверия

ribbon n лента, узкая полоска; to be trimmed with ribbon

sensitive a 1. чувствительный, восприимчивый; 2. очень нежный, легко поддающийся раздражению; sensitive skin; sensitive to heat (to cold)

slacks n pl широкие брюки; женские брюки

skilful а искусный, умелый, опытный; skill n 1. мастерство, искусство, опыт; 2. талант; skilful mechanic; skilful handling

sponge v впитывать, осушать; spongy а губчатый, пористый, рыхлый;

woolen а шерстяной, суконный; worsted а камвольный, гребенный (о шерсти); woolen dresses; woolen cloth; worsted yarn

А.1. Перевести на русский язык, используя разные значения слова «body»

1. тело; туловище

2. основная/становая часть; лиф (платья)

3. устойчивость, упругость; форма

4. to give body - придать устойчивость (упругость, форму)

1. We wear clothes to keep our bodies warm.

2. Garments that are held closely to the body will need lighter weight and more flexible linings than those garments that stand away from the body.

3. If a warm fabric is used to line the body of the coat, a slippery lining such as napped-back satin should be used in the sleeves.

4. Underlining is a layer of fabric that is sewed as one with the fashion fabric to prevent the fashion fabric from stretching and to give additional body.

5. If more body is desired in the lapel, ...

6. If extra body is needed only in the point of a lapel, ...

7. A method of giving body to the lapel is to fuse a lightweight interfacing to the lapel facing.

8. The curve of the sleeve is much greater than the curve of the body of the garment.

А.2. Прочитать тексты

WOOL

1. Wool is widely available but the quantity produced is much smaller and more expensive than cotton. Wool grows on the body of the sheep forming a protective covering known as a fleece. Wool is obtained either by shearing the fleece from the live animal, usually once a year, or by pulling the wool, after chemical loosening, from the skin of the dead animal.

2. Versatility. Wool is a fibre with outstanding clothing properties of softness, warmth, resilience and drape.

3. A wool fabric acts as an insulating medium preventing a quick escape (исчезновение) of body heat so that a feeling of warmth is engendered (вызывать). A further aid to comfort is that wool can absorb excess moisture without feeling cold. Fine wool is usually soft enough not to irritate the skin.

4. Wool fabrics are not highly inflammable, they do not ignite (загораться) easily, nor do they carry flame readily, so that wool garments do not need chemical assistance in this respect. In addition the insulating properties of wool give some measure of heat protection and heavy wool fabrics are commonly used for fire-fighting uniforms.

5. Wool fibres are soft and very elastic. Being resilient they return to their original shape after stretching. Because of the high elasticity and resiliency of the fibres woolen textiles are crease-resistant and retain shape. Wool fibres are poor conductors of heat, that is, they retain heat. Woolen fabrics wear well though the strength of wool fibres is not so great as that of flax and cotton.

6. Wool fabrics are classified as worsteds or woolens, depending on the quality of the fibres and the processes used in making them into yarns.

7. Worsteds. Long fibres are used in making worsted yarns. The fibres are put through a combing process which removes the short ones and lay the remaining long fibres parallel. Worsted yarns are smooth, hard, even, and compact. Good-quality worsted fabrics are usually light-weight. They have a distinct weave. Worsted fabrics tailor well and have good draping qualities. They resist wrinkling, retain creases well. Worsteds usually wear well, though such fabrics as serges, and gabardines tend to become shiny.

8. Woolens. In making woolens, shorter fibres than those in worsteds are used. The fibres are not combed to lie parallel and so go in all directions in the yarn. The yarns are loosely twisted, soft and not so even as worsted yarns. The weave of woolen fabrics is not so distinct as that of most worsteds. Some woolen fabrics are napped; others have a soft slightly matted appearance.

9. Good-quality woolens are generally soft. Woolen fabrics do not hold creases so well as worsteds but since they are softer, they do not hold wrinkles and do not get shiny.

BUYING POINTS OF WOOL FABRICS

1. Most of wool fabrics have the attractive appearance. Colors can be soft and muted or high in intensity, with depth and permanence. The depth and softness of a woolen pile, the nap of a woolen, and the intricacies of weave in a worsted have an eye appeal. A fabric that drapes and fits well helps to present a good appearance.

2. Wool's elasticity is responsible for its wrinkle-resistant quality, a particularly important factor in suits and coats that have almost daily wear. The ability of worsteds to take and hold a crease is also important, particularly in men's slacks. Wools are slow to show soil because of the fibre's resilience. Since moisture is absorbed slowly, many liquids can be sponged from the fabric before it dries, thereby taking the soil particles with the liquid. Wool's low static quality is also a factor in resisting soil.

3. The soft, springy, warm feel (hand) of wool is pleasing to the buyer of wool fabrics. To be sure, the softness or stiffness of a fabric is controlled not only by the choice of fibres but also by the kind of manufacturing, processing they receive. In general, large-diameter fibres produce a stiffer hand than do fine fibres. A woolen usually has a more hairy surface than does a worsted, which has had the short fibres removed from the yarn. Therefore, woolen feels warmer, generally softer, less firm, and less smooth than a worsted does.

4. Wool fabrics are made in many weights, from the filmiest sheer veiling to the heaviest overcoating.

Sheer fabrics, such as wool georgette, voile, lightweight crepes and tweeds, and some sheer wool meshes can be used for clothing requiring softness and draping, such as women's dresses and blouses.

Certain fabrics, such as checked or plain tweeds, are adapted to sports clothes, depending on the climate. Smooth, luxurious flannels and broadcloths are suitable for dress wear for men. Men's suitings (some in lighter weight) are being used extensively for women's suits. Wool or blends with wool make warm comfortable sweaters.

The hard-finished worsteds are good for tailored styles, because these fabrics tailor easily, hold their shape, and press better than woolens. A woolen in men's suiting requires frequent pressing, since creases do not stay long in the cloth. As a class, worsteds are more durable than woolens, and they are generally more expensive.

В.1. Ответить на вопросы

1. Wool is a protective covering of animals. What are the ways of obtaining it from the animals?

2. Wool fibres tend to mat together under the influence of heat and moisture. What garments can be produced from such fabrics?

3. Wool is a fibre with clothing properties of warmth. What is its warmth produced by? Why do people wear clothes made of wool in winter?

4. Wool fabrics are commonly used for fire-fighting uniforms. What properties of wool are used in this type of clothing?

5. Worsted fabrics tailor well and have good draping qualities. What does it mean; how will you explain this statement?

6. The weave of woolen fabrics is not so distinct as that of worsteds; woolen fabrics do not hold creases so well as worsteds.

7. What is the difference in the manufacture of making worsteds and woolens?

8. Do woolen fabrics require often ironing?

Задание для самостоятельной работы студентов

С.1. Описать на английском языке основные особенности шерстяных тканей (10 – 15 предложений)