UNIT 3 ИМЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ (THE ADJECTIVE) / НАРЕЧИЕ. (THE ADVERB)

Все прилагательные делятся на 3 класса:

Простые (simple)	Производные(derivative)	Составные (Compound)
good	beautiful	snow-white
red	foolish	deaf-mute
new	hopeless	cold-hearted
unkind	four-wheeled

Adjectives formed with suffixes:

Many adjectives related to verbs or nouns have a characteristic ending (or suffix): We enjoyed the party. - The party was very enjoyable.

-able (capable of being) manageable

-ful (full of) boastful

-ic energetic

-ive (capable of being) attractive

-ant hesitant

-ible (like - able) permissible, likable

-(i)an (historical period, etc.) Victorian

-ish (having the quality of) foolish, reddish

-ly (having this quality) friendly

-ous humorous

-al occasional

And note -ing forms used as adjectives: running water.

Adjectives formed with prefixes:

A prefix (e.g. im-) added to an adjective generally has a negative effect:

I think it's possible to solve the problem. I think it's impossible to solve the problem

un- uncooked, unimaginable

in- incapable, inhuman

dis- dishonest, disagreeable

dis- dishonest, disagreeable

Префикс in перед L превращается в IL —illegal, illegible

перед M; P превращается в IM — immoral, impractical

перед R превращается в IR — irresponsible, irregular

I.The ways of formation of adjectives

1. Simple adjectives connected with weather display as well as natural (or physic)formations are formed from the corresponding nouns by adding suffix -y

wind- windy; sand— sandy(песчаный);

ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: WOOL-WOOLEN; WOOD-WOODEN

2. The compound adjectives of measurement are formed by combining numbers with nouns in the singular to form compound adjectives with hyphens: a twenty-year-old man (not "a twenty-years-old man"). This kind of adjectives can refer to:

• age a three-year-old building

• volume a two-litre car

• length a twelve-inch ruler

• price a $50 dress (a fifty-dollar dress)

• weight a five-kilo bag -area a fifty-acre farm

• duration a four-hour meeting

• depth a six-foot hole

• time/distance a ten-minute walk.

3. The adjective of quality is formed by the suffix ent(ant). As rule they are formed from the noun having suffix - ence(ance) .

If the adjective of quality is formed from simple noun, the suffix –ful and less (with the negative meaning) are used

mercy — merciful — merciless.

ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: INSIST -INSISTENT

If the adjective of quality is formed from noun, ending ity the suffix –-ble is used

Practice

Ex. 1. Form adjectives from the given words with the help of the suffixes.

Use, frost, rain, rock, fog, snow, ice, sun, noise, speed, nature, hope, art, truth, possibility, beauty, insist, significance, shame.

Ex. 3. Rewrite the following sentences using compound adjectives.

1. The car costs twenty thousand dollars. It is a twenty-thousand-dollar car.

2. The woman is seventy years old. She's .

3. The trip lasted two days. It was .

4. The farm is eighty hectares. It's .

5. The baby is three months old. It is a .

6. The parcel weighs two kilos. It's .

7. The jar contains three litres. It's .

8. I live not far from the University. It takes me 10 minutes to walk there. It is

9. The fence is twenty miles. It's .

10. The road is seventy kilometres. It's .

II. WORD ORDER: ADJECTIVE + NOUN

Sometimes we use two or more adjectives together: There was a beautiful large round wooden table in the kitchen. adjectives like new/large/round/wooden are fact adjectives. They give us objective information about, size, colour, etc. Adjectives like nice/beautiful are opinion adjectives. They tell what someone thinks of something.

OPINION — SIZE — AGE — SHAPE— COLOUR — ORIGIN — MATERIAL — NOUN

a wonderful old green Chinese handmade— carpet