5. Find synonyms of the following expressions among the words and word combinations of the previous exercises:

1) keep, deposit, save;

2. spread, pass on, send out, conduct, transfer;

3. use, function, adaptation, treatment;

4. firmly, steadily, safely;

2. extract (from), elicit (from), evoke (from), take/draw out;

2. handle, work (up), elaborate, adapt, sort out;

3. transform, change, turn, converse;

4. particularly, in full, elaborately, comprehensively;

5. embrace, cover, include, take in;

10. carrying out, execution, realization, operation;

11. department; office; section;

12. whole, full, complete;

13. work out, invent, develop, create, set up;

14. great, enormous, vast, immense, colossal, huge.

6. Use each of Exercise 3 words/expressions in the sentences from the text.

C. Reading and Discussion

7. Read the text. Mention the points of difference between the texts in the way of defining «information technology». Answer the ques- tions: 1) What does Information Technology include? 2) What are the

examples of Information Technology? Summarize the text «sing the words given below.

Information Technology means the use of hardware, software serv- ices, and supporting infrastructure to manage and deliver information using voice, data, and video.

To further define information technology and what should be in- cluded as far as the IT budget, the following information is provided:

Information Technology includes:

• all computers with a human interface

• all computer peripherals which will not operate unless connected to a computer or network

• all voice, video and data networks and the equipment, staff and purchased services necessary to operate them

• all salary and benefits for staff whose job descriptions specifi- cally include technology functions, i.e. network services, ap- plications development, systems administration

• all technology services provided by vendors or contractors

• operating costs associated with providing information technol- ogy

• all costs associated with developing, purchasing, licensing or maintaining software

Agencies may wish to include other costs at their discretion. For ex- ample, an agency may wish to include digital cameras in their IT budget even though they can be operated stand-alone. Data entry personnel may be included if they are considered part of the technology staff. Costs that are excluded above may be included if they are an integral part of a computer applications or would be difficult to break out because the costs are included with other information technology costs.

Examples of Information Technology:

• Telephone and radio equipment and switches used for voice communications.

• Traditional computer applications that include data storage and programs to input, process, and output the data.

• Software and support for office automation systems such as word processing and spreadsheets, as well as the computer to run mem.

• Users' PCs and software.

• Server hardware and software used to support applications such as electronic mail/groupware, file and print services, database, application/ web servers, storage systems, and other hosting services.

• Data, voice, and video networks and all associated communica- tions equipment and software.

• Peripherals directly connected to computer information systems used to collect or transmit audio, video or graphic information, such as scanners and digitizers.

• Voice response systems that interact with a computer database or application.

• The state radio communications network.

• Computers and network systems used by teachers, trainers, and students for educational purposes.

• "Open/integrated" computer systems that monitor or automate mechanical or chemical processes and also store information used by computer applications for analysis and decision-mak- ing, such as the Metasys building management system.

• All operating costs, equipment and staff time associated with supporting the technology infrastructure of the agency, possi- bly including items excluded above, such as video equipment used for technology training that is included in the information systems cost center for the agency.

Examples of items excluded from the definition:

• "Closed/stand-alone" computer systems that monitor or auto- mate mechanical or chemical processes, such as the fire alarm system in the capitol building.

• Audio-visual equipment which can be operated as a stand-alone piece of equipment, such as televisions, tape recorders, VCRs, video cameras, and overhead projectors. Stand-alone video editing equipment is excluded.

• Copy machines and fax machines.

• Licenses or subscriptions to electronic information provided to users in lieu of books or magazines.

• Salaries of staff, who use technology but are not directly in- volved in developing, implementing or supporting technology as documented on their PIQ. Data entry staff, who digitize

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drawings, staff who do desktop publishing are excluded. "Power users" who use advanced features of spreadsheets or word processing software are excluded. • Data entry services

peripherals, purchased service, at the discretion of, switch, subscrip- tion, in lieu of, data entry, staff

8. Translate the words preceding the text. Read the text. Discuss the role of Information Technology in (1) business, (2) medicine, (3) science and engineering. Find the sentences with the words and translate them.

affordable keep records similar bill

track supplies on a small scale point-of-sale

terminal

receipt fatigue computerized axial imaging

tomography

observations power plant magnetic resonance