7 Give the English equivalents to the following and use 5 of them in small situations:

Делить площади/пространство, несущий, сопротивляться силам, тепловые свойства, обеспечивать безопасность и прочность, жилое здание, кирпичная кладка, блочная конструкция, каменная конструкция, прикрепляться к деревянному каркасу, звукоизоляция, допустимый уровень шума, арматура и фитинги, предотвратить быстрое распространение огня, дополнительная опора для крыши, бетонное основание.

8 Ask questions to the following:

1. Non-load-bearing external walls are often built from corrugated sheet cladding. (5)

2. Sound insulation provides a reasonable level of noise control between adjoining rooms. (5)

3. External walls should have fire-resistance to provide security and stability in the event of fire. (4)

4. Load-bearing internal walls usually stand on concrete foundation. (3)

5. Non-load-bearing internal walls divide the internal space in buildings. (4)

9 Fill in the gaps with derivatives of the words in capitals:

BUILDING MATERILAS for EXTRNAL WALLS Part I Some 1) _____ methods use locally available materials and techniques that are economical and 2) _____ sound. Many different types of material are available, but the two main 3) _____ for building materials are stability and durability. The tree most common materials for external walls are: 4) _____ stone, bricks, cement-based blocks. The first two building materials were discussed in the previous units, so here cement-based blocks should be 5) _____in detail. They are manufactured from a 6) _____ of ingredients. The cement binds the aggregate that forms the bulk of the block into a firm 7) _____ material. The strength and 8) _____ of the block depends on the type of aggregate used with the cement. Blocks consist of natural materials that are 9) _____ and cured such as: sand (sandcrete (Portland cement and sand in a ratio of circa 1:8)). The sand is mixed with the cement in 1:4 or 1:6 proportions; stone (concrete). The 10) ______ blocks are made from a mixture of cement, sand and crushed stone.

CONSTRUCT ECOLOGICAL REQUIRE NATURE CONSIDER MIX BUILD DURABLE MOULD STRONG

10 Use the words bellow to complete the sentences: building vaterials for external walls Part II

The external wall of a building provides weather 1) _____ and must be durable and fire resistant even if it is not built from load-bearing materials such as brick, block and stone. Corrugated iron sheet or timber 2) _____ is classified as non-load bearing.

Iron sheets must be supported on a 3) _____ with columns that transfer the building loads and wind pressure from the structure to the foundation. The columns transfer point loads to the foundation, unlike the evenly distributed 4) _____ transferred by the load-bearing wall to strip foundations.

Corrugated 5) _____ sheets have disadvantages as a building material for external walls for housing:

1. very poor thermal insulation;

2. very poor 6) _____ insulation;

3. they are difficult to decorate internally because they require an internal lining to attach fixtures and fittings;

4. the general appearance does not look as homely as conventional materials.

Timber cladding is the other material used for non-load-bearing external walls. The structural framework consists of a timber roof supported by timber columns on a 7) _____ foundation. Lightweight prefabricated timber wall frames are secured to the timber 8) _____.

Timber cladding usually consists of plywood, chipboard or hardboard panels. They are nailed or 9) _____ to the framework so that the heads of the nails or screws are below the surface of the board. The holes should be 10) _____ so that the surface of the board is even.

cladding loads filled columns resistance screwed framework iron sound raft