13 “Architecture and Design” Louis Kahn.
Listen to the information twice and answer the questions given (1-5):
What is Louis Kahn famous for?
What materials did he work on?
What is the core of design?
What is the unique work of Kahn?
Can you describe the building given?
14 Watch the video and present the main idea of each episode in 4-5 sentences using the expressions from Appendix 2.
S
ummary
Writing
15 A) Read the following passages and underline the parts where the answer to each of the following questions is contained:
What are remarkable monuments of Egyptian and Roman architecture?
What are they famous for?
What examples of personification are given in the text?
How are these texts interrelated?
FACTS about ROMAN PANTHEON The Pantheon of Rome is a marvelous example of ancient Roman architecture. This building has been in use for over 2000 years. The Roman Pantheon is famous for its design, size and its huge dome. The Roman Pantheon is a massive circular structure made with bricks. Corinthian-style columns support the gabled roof in the front. The most amazing feature of this monument is its huge concrete dome. The Pantheon dome was thought to be largest, until the recent times. The doors are made of bronze and are over 26 feet high. The doorway of the Pantheon is about 40 feet high and 20 feet wide. A point worthy of mentioning is, the Greeks greatly influenced the Roman art and architecture. The hemispherical dome of this monument exhibits the charm and influence of Greek architecture and also the Greco-Roman idea of the "Cosmos". There is an oculus in the center of the dome known as the "Great Eye", which opens to the sky. The dome is intricately designed and decorated with bronze rosettes. The coffers of the dome were considered as the vault of the Heaven. The historians believe that the "Great Eye" symbolized that the Heavens guarded the entire Roman Empire. The architectural harmony of this awe-inspiring structure is well balanced and it was achieved by keeping the diameter of the dome equivalent to its distance from the floor. The weight of the dome was greatly reduced by the sunken panels known as the coffers and also by using cement made from pumice and pozzolanic ash (volcanic ash). |
GREAT SPHINX From the 15th century AD European travelers carried home tales of the mysterious and amazing remains of the civilization of Egypt. One of its most remarkable monuments, which still evoke this sense of awe and might, is the Great Sphinx of Gizeh, the oldest surviving sphinx, dating from c.2550 BC, carved from a rock with the crouching body of a lion and a human face. The concept of the king as a powerful lion goes back into prehistoric times. The sphinx was a natural development, personifying the divine power of the king as a force protecting his land and repelling the power of evil. The great Sphinx is one of the most distinctive and dominant of all the images of ancient Egypt, which is perhaps the source of the misconception that sphinxes are of central importance in Egyptian culture. However, those that have survived are among the most impressive as well as intriguing examples of Egyptian sculpture.
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b) In a paragraph of 120-150 words, and using your own words as far as possible, summarize what the two passages tell us about marvelous examples of Egyptian and Roman architecture.
16 Your company is organizing a conference “World Architectural Masterpieces”.
Write memo to your subordinates and inform them about the meeting you will hold the next day to discuss the details of organizing and conducting the conference.
Send e-mails to your partners to inform them about the date, place, purpose and other details of the conference.
17 Summarizing information about Egyptian and Roman architecture.
a) Say in other words:
1. Artists and craftsmen were given orders by the pharaohs;
2. The pyramids of the 4th Dynasty are the most spectacular monuments of the Old Kingdom;
3. Many Royal Monuments of the Middle Kingdom were plundered;
4. They built fortresses to protect the southern and the eastern borders;
5. Techniques of working in stone, wood, and metal were used in gigantic monuments.
b) Prove the following statements:
“De Architectura” by Vitruvius is the source of information on Roman architecture.
There were three types of houses in ancient Rome.
The Pantheon is the greatest temple of antiquity.
The Coliseum was the largest and the most impressive amphitheatre of Rome.
Imperial thermae were immense establishments of great magnificence.