11 Fill in the gaps in the following passage with a suitable preposition given below: clay bricks Part III

Damaged or cracked bricks are removed prior 1) _____ packing. Most bricks are now banded and shrink-wrapped 2) _____ packs of between 300 and 500, 3) _____ easy transportation by forklift truck and specialist road vehicles. Special shapes are frequently shrink-wrapped 4) _____ wooden pallets.

To meet the consistent standards 5) _____ quality required 6) _____ clients, many brick manufacturers are now operating quality assurance systems. These require manufacturers to document all their operational procedures and set 7) _____ standards to which products must adhere. Quality is controlled 8) _____ a combination 9) _____ an internal self-monitoring system and two 10) _____ four independent spot-check reviews per year.

by (x2) for into of (x2) onto out to (x2)

12 Look at the text, separate the words to make sense: clay brick paving

1. Manyclaybrickmanufacturersproducearangeofplainandchamferedpavingbricks.

2. Bricksforflexiblepavingareusuallynibbedtosetthespacingcorrectly.

3. Typicalpatternsincludeherringbonerunningbondstackbondbasket-weaveand theuseofbordersandbands(Figure.3.3).

4. Profiledbrickdesignsincludedecorativediamondandchocolate-barpatternsandpedestrian-managementtexturing.

5. Thepavingbricksmaybelaidonahardbasewithmortarjointsoralternativelyonaflexiblebase withfinesandbrushedbetweenthepavers.

6. Edgerestraintisnecessarytopreventlateralspreadoftheunits.

(From Materials for Architects and Builders)

Figure 3.3 Typical range of clay pavers.

Photographs: Courtesy of Baggeridge Brick plc

13 Listen to “a method of Brick Construction” and do the assignments given below:

Before listening

1. Match the words and their definitions:

multistory	a right-angled support attached to a wall for holding a shelf, lamp, or other object;
cladding	a gap in steel or concrete to allow for thermal expansion;
bracket	(of a building) having several stories;
shelf angle	a steel angle which supports the weight of brick or stone veneer and transfers that weight onto the main structure of the building;
expansion joint	a covering or coating on a structure or material.

While listening

2. Listen to the information and present the main idea of it.

3. Listen again and put the words given in the table into the certain gaps in the text:

brick coursing; b) wind pressures; c) frames; d) expansion joint; e) method; f) stainless steel; g) brackets; h) inner concrete block wall; i) stability; j) shelf angles.

Multistory 1) _____ may be cladding brickwork or stone using a range of propriety systems based on specially designed 2) _____ and restrained devices.

The most common 3) _____ of attaching brickwork to steel frames is by the use of 4) _____ fitted either to the slab edge or to plates welded on to the edge beams.

The shelf angles are usually made from 5) _____. The method of attachment of the shelf angle allows for vertical adjustment to suit the 6) _____.

Brickwork is constructed on the shelf angles and attached to the columns and to the 7) _____ using brick ties.

Windposts are sometimes incorporated to give improved 8) … particularly in tall buildings subject to high 9) _____ or the large size panels are used.

An 10) _____ is used at the top of the panels to take up relative movements between a building frame and brickwork.

After listening