Listening 4

2	Identify your minimum requirements.
7	Prepare your opening statement.
3	Decide what concession you could make.
4	Know your own strengths and weaknesses
6	Know your role as a part of a team.
1	Prepare your negotiating position – know your aims and objectives.
5	Prepare any figures, any calculations and any support material you may need.

Reading 2

Pre-reading

Quiz

1. Nine times as long

2. Every negotiation is a trade

3. All of the above

4. Intermission

5. The first five minutes

6. False

7. But

8. You have to do better than that

9. Integrate the conflict into discussion

10. True

Reading comprehension

Exercise 2

1d

2g

3a

4l

5i

6b

7e

8h

9k

10j

11c

12f

Language in use 2

Exercise 1

1e

2d

3j

4a

5b

6f

7i

8g

9c

10h

Exercise 2

1 Rapport

2 Parameters

3 Attitude

Approach

Flexibility

Exercise 3

1. Don’t accept the first offer.

2. Do walk away if you cannot get an acceptable deal.

3. Do ask for one or two small extras just when they are ready to sign

4. Don’t give concession without asking something in return.

Exercise 4

1a

2f

3e

4g

5c

6d

1) neutral ground 2) kick off 3) negotiating team

4) relaxed atmosphere 5) small talk 6) fallback position

Exercise 5

1d	3c	5h	7e	9k	11i
2a	4f	6g	8l	10j	12b

Exercise 7

1 research 2 negotiators 3 atmosphere 4 rapport

5 concessions 6 interests 7 view 8 relationship

9 hand 10 gains 11 position 12 face

13 objectives 14 problems 15 tenacity 16 listener

Exercise 8

1b

2d

3a

4e

5c

Listening 5

1. ‘T’ stands for tradeables – the things you’ll take if you can get them, but they are not very important to you. You can concede them, if it helps to push the negotiation forward.

‘I’ stands for ‘ideals’. These are things you’d really like to get and will fight to get, but not if it costs you the deal.

‘E’ stands for ‘essentials’. It’s not that these are absolutely non-negotiable. But if it looks like this, that’s the time to start thinking about walking away from negotiating table.

2. The tougher you are – without being aggressive, the further you’ll get. Your opponent takes your attitude as an indication of what’s possible and what’s not. The friendlier you seem the higher their expectations will be.

3. Silence is the best weapon. It’s a very difficult argument to counter. Faced with prolonged silences your opponent is ready to make another concesion or give away their strategy or weaken their own position by becoming defensive. Talking is silver. But listening is gold.

4. You are not there to convince your opponent that you’re right. You are there to explore both sides’ interests, generate options and trade concessions.

2 phrases: If……then…..? What …..if?

5) Skilled negotiators ask more than twice as many questions as average

negotiators.

• Don’t say you don’t understand, you’ll look stupid. Ask a question – you’ll look intelligent.

• Don’t say you strongly disagree – they’ll think you’re being difficult. Ask a question – they’ll think you’re trying to be helpful.

• Don’t say you have a good idea – they’ll wish it was their idea. Ask a question. They’ll think it’s their idea.

Language in use 3

Exercise 1

1 rejecting 2 asking for clarification 3 bargaining / trading

4 agreeing 5 interrupting 6 stating your position

7 asking for a reaction 8 making a suggestion

Exercise 3

1f	3k	5b	7c	9j	11l	13h
2n	4i	6a	8g	10e	12d	14m

Exercise 5

1) atmosphere 2) procedure 3) position 4) interests 5) phase

6) proposals 7) options 8) deadlock 9) concessions 10) strategy

11) table 12) details 13) breakthrough 14) time-out 15) champagne

Unit VII

Things to consider

C

Advantages & pleasures you can take your time; more accurate way of communicating; can be edited and revised many times before they are sent; provides a permanent record of the messages; enables recipients to take more time in reviewing the message and providing;appropriate feedback.

Disadvantages & difficulties takes time; no immediate feedback; this method is less personal; is a source of frustration and uncertainty in business situations; many individuals have difficulty in composing composing letters.

Quiz

Answers:

1. a. Ignore the exclamation point. There's only the one Internet, so unless you've

invented another, capitalize it.

2. This means you aren't apologizing.

3. Nothing, but what's wrong with "is" rather than "will be"? Why is every other

document I read in future tense?

4. a.

5. Nothing! You can start a sentence with a conjunction. Shakespeare did it. You can do it.

6. b.

7. is

8. b.

Reading 1

Reading comprehension

Exercise 2

1 offer

2 quotation

3 complaint

4 order

5 reminder

6 enquiry

Exercise 3

1d

2b

3f

4a

5c

6e

7g

Listening 3

1b

2a

3f

4g

5c

6e

7d

Writing 1

If you want to succeed make sure that the contents and the form of your letter are excellent. You should type your letter on well-printed company’s forms. Business correspondence should not be long. You should be clear and concise in expressing your thoughts. Take care that the letter contains only relevatnt information.

Remember a golden rule of business writing: courtesy, correctness, tact and reasoning.

Language in use 1

Exercise 1

A

clearness completeness conciseness correctness courteousness

B

1d	3b	5k	7c	9a	11g
2i	4f	6h	8e	10j	12l

Exercise 2

1 invoice reminder	3 e-mail	5 message	7 letter
2 memo	4 message	6 invoice	8 fax

Exercise 5

1. We have received your letter …

2. Thank you for your letter …

3. Following your letter of April 15, we are writing to inform you that … We are writing in connection with … We are writing about …

4. You will find enclosed… I have included a ……….along with this letter …

5. Please let us have your comments … Could you let me know what you think about

6. We would be grateful if if you would give us your decision …

7. Please contact me as soon as possible.

8. It will help us a great deal if you can respond quickly.

9. If there is anything else I can do for you, do get in touch.

10. We have not made a decision on the proposed development…

11. We propose/ intend to …

12. I want to make some comments about/ on the subject of …

Exercise 6

As soon as you have asked us to find accommodation for one of your managers we will send you an application form. Please complete this and return it to us as soon as possible.

Exercise 7

1c 2e 3d

Writing 2

1

To: All Staff

From: (Student’s name)

cc JG; AS; GA

Re: Security

Staff are warned that there have been three thefts of money from offices recently. Staff are reminded to keep valuables with or in a locked drawer. The following steps should be taken if you see anything suspicious:

• Inform a senior member of the secutity staff

• Contact security immediately

• Do not attempt to arrest or stop the person concerned; they may be dangerous.

2

To: All staff

From: Student’s name

cc JG; AS; GA

Re: Staffing over the New Year

We are looking for volunteers to work on New Year’s day. There will be three shifts: midnight to 8.00 a.m., 8.00 a.m. to 4.00 p.m., and 4.00 p.m. to midnight.

• Double pay will apply.

• Three people are needed for each shift.

Please contact Personnel if you are interested.

Grammar revision

Exercise 1

1

1 comma 2 exclamation mark 3 double quotes/ quotation marks 4 stroke / oblique / slash 5 brackets / parentheses 6 question mark 7 apostrophe

8 single quotes/ inverted commas 9 semi-colon 10 colon 11 full stop / period 12 hyphen 13 dash

2

1 single quotes 2 full stop (Br.E) period (Am) 3 question mark 4 hyphen 5 dash 6 exclamation mark

7 double quotes/ quotation marks 8 semi-colon 9 colon 10 stroke/ oblique/ slash 11 brackets / parentheses 12 apostrophe

Exercise 2

1. It’s important that your punctuation is correct because incorrect punctuation and capital letters used wrongly may confuse your readers.

2. Just like incorrect spelling, incorrect punctuation can be very annoying for your reader, who may pay more attention to the mistakes than to the content of your report or letter.

3. You probably know that exclamation marks are not used much in business letters. But they are used in advertisements, as well as in notes.

4. Contracted forms like I’ve and we’ve are a feature of informal writing. They are not found in most reports or business letters which tend to be fairly formal. If in doubt use full forms: I have, we have, etc.

5. It’s usually easier for a reader to understand short, simple sentences rather than long, complicated ones.

Exercise 3

I’m twenty years old and in my last year of a business studies course, and I have already received the offer of a job with a company where I did a placement last year. However, I do not really want to accept it as it is an old-fashioned firm, which doesn’t do much to develop its staff. I want to find something which is more forward-looking. Do you think I am being unreasonable? My friends say I am turning down a golden opportunity, as the salary is good. How can I find out about opportunities in more dynamic organizations before it is too late? What do you think I should do?

Reading 2

Reading comprehension

Exercise 2

1 F

2T

3T

4F

5T

6F

7F

Exercise 4

Complete the sentences.

1. …the person reads, files, forwards, ignores, or deletes your e-mail message.

2. …relevant information that will help the person remember who you are.

3. …summarize your purpose in the first paragraph of the body of the message

4. …give up before reaching the end, or in their skimming, they might miss important information.

5. …you have more than one.

6. …use carbon copy and blind carbon copy to inform those involved in a project. 

7. … to proofread your e-mail for you to make sure that it is clear and adequately conveys your intended meaning.

Exercise 5

1i	3b	5a	7f	9c	11h	13d	15e
2g	4m	6p	8n	10k	12l	14o	16j

Listening 5

1

1. cheaper, faster

2. less intrusive

3. trouble

4. location, time zone

5. democratic

2

1. Get your subject line right.

2. Subject lines should be brief.

3. If time is limited, put the word ‘urgent’ in the subject line.

Language in use 2

Exercise 1

1 e-mail 2 office gossip 3 face-to-face

4 post 5 fax 6 meeting

7 in-house magazine 8 noticeboard 9 memo

Exercise 2

noun	verb	adjective
1 advice 2 confidence 3 privacy 4 response 5 revolution 6 sensitivity 7 urgency 8 use	advise confide privatise respond revolutionise sensitise urge use	advisory confidential private responsive revolutionary sensitive urgent useable/ useful/ useless

Exercise 3

1e

2c

3a

4 b

5 f

6 d

1 invaluable tool 2 fax machine

3 computer screen 4 important documents

5 immenent arrival 6 paperless office

Exercise 4

1b

2a

3e

4h

5c

6d

7g

8i

9f

Exercise 5

	draft 1	draft 2	draft 3
content	all points included	all points included	All points included
length	too long (64 words)	OK (48 words)	too long (54 words)
style	too formal	OK	OK
vocabulary choice	mainly uses different words	mainly uses different words	repeats large sections of bullet points 1 and 3 word for word

Writing 4

Model answer

I am very interested in running your team-building seminar. Unfortunately, I have a seminar all day tomorrow, so will be unable to call you at 9a.m. Could I therefore ring at 6p.m. tomorrow or 9a.m. on Wednesday? Please let me know which is more convenient.

Exercise 6

Dear Pierre

I have received an e-mail from Magda in which she asks for advice about the forthcoming presentation that she has to give at the end-of-year meeting. I couldn’t give her any information and suggested that she makes contact with Stasek, who is organizing the whole event. If you have time, perhaps you could do some research for her. If you could send her a short message and some guidelines, I am sure she would be very happy to hear from you.

Finally, please could you let me know as soon as possible if you have received the minutes from the last meeting. I haven’t and would like to see a copy before preparing the agenda for our next meeting.

I look forward to seeing you again in the Hague.

Regards

Simone

Writing 6

Task 1

To: Mr. Renoir, Managing Director

From: (your name) Date:

Office health and safety provisions

As requested by the Managing Director on 30 March 2010, I have investigated the problems which have been raised concerning office health and safety.

A study was made of all job-related illnesses during the past year. For example, it was found, that a number of cases of symptoms of Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) had been reported by the company physiotherapist. Meetings were held with union representatives and office managers to discuss what could be done.

Proposals:

1. The safety regulations should be clearly displayed in the company’s canteen and main offices.

2. Newly appointed staff should be made aware of the company’s safety regulations and policy. In particular, they should be advised to take frequent breaks from the screen.

3. It is necessary to teach office staff how to position themselves, their chairs, desks and equipment.

4. It should be the responsibility of the departmental committee on health and safety to instruct new staff on procedures for handling office equipment and for securing electronic and mechanical machinery.

5. It was further noted that ventilation and air-filtering systems in offices require regular maintenance.

6. The union suggested that sub-standard furniture and equipment should be replaced. In particular:

1. old-fashioned screens should be replaced – they are known to cause eyesight problems.

2. Office lighting should be carefully checked. Staff have complained of headaches after work; lighting is a large part of the problem. An important point to emphasize is that bright lights should not reflect on the screen.

3. Chairs with full back supports are essential. Many staff have complained of backache.

Task 2

Sample Essay Topic 1.

Different cultures place varying values on loyalty to the employer. In some countries, most notably in Asia, there is a high degree of loyalty to one company. However, in most European countries and the United States, loyalty to one's employer is not highly valued; instead it is considered more rational and reasonable for an employee to change jobs whenever it is warranted to achieve the optimal overall career. Both of these positions have advantages and disadvantages.

In cultures that value loyalty to the employer, a kind of family relationship seems to develop between employer and employee. It is a reciprocal arrangement, which the employer is concerned with assisting the employee to develop to his/her full potential and the employee is concerned about optimizing the welfare of the company. The negative aspect to absolute loyalty to one company is that an employee may stay in one job that he/she has outgrow and may miss out on opportunities to develop in new directions. From the employer's point of view, the employee may be burdened with employees whose skills no longer match the needs of the company.

In cultures in which it is quite acceptable to change jobs every few years,

employees can build the career they choose for themselves. They can stay with one company as long as it is mutually beneficial to company and employee. As long as good relationship exists and the employee's career is advancing at an acceptable pace, the employee can remain with a company. But at any time the employee is free to move to another company, perhaps to achieve a higher position, to move into a new area, or to find a work situation that is more suitable to his/her personality. The disadvantage of this situation is employees tend to move around a lot.

Although both these systems have advantages and disadvantages, it is much better for employees to have the opportunity to move from job to job if it is necessary to have a better career.

Sample Essay Topic 2.

Many find it advantageous to pur­chase a home, but others find rent­ing more suited to their needs. While there are advantages for both options, renting is generally the best choice for young foreign students. Foreign students often do not have good credit histories or enough money to buy a home and need to know that it will not be necessary to find a buyer for the home if they decide to transfer to another school or return home.

Owning a home provides a num­ber of benefits. For example, a homeowner can make more noise than someone who lives in an apartment without having to worry that every small noise might disturb neighbors. Unlike apartment dwellers, homeowners can also put holes in walls and redecorate without being concerned about losing part or all of a security deposit. Owning is also an advantage because the interest on mortgage payments can be deducted on their income tax. In addition, real estate generally ap­preciates in value over the years.

There are also benefits to renting. A renter is tied down only by the terms of the rental agreement or lease. If a renter wants to move, it is not necessary to find a buyer. In addition, a renter does not have to provide a large down payment as does a homeowner and does not have to have a good credit history.

A foreign student who plans to return home after college or who wishes to transfer to another school often cannot be tied down to a house. The foreign student often does not have enough money for a down payment or a credit history sufficient to borrow money to pur­chase a home. Consequently, renting is the answer for most young foreign students.

At various times of their lives, people have different needs. While purchasing a home is often the best choice for somebody with an ad­equate income and roots in a com­munity, for the reasons discussed, it is often not the most feasible choice for young foreign students.

Sample Essay Topic 3.

It has been said that many people are victims of calcuholism, a depen­dence on the use of calculators, causing a diminished ability to do mathematics on one's own. Tech­nology in schools, offices, and indus­try has resulted in an unfortunate overdependence on all types of modern devices, but particularly on calculators. Calcuholism can be avoided if schools and individuals concentrate on using the mind to do mathematics rather than relying on calculators for simple tasks.

Obviously the term calcuholism has been coined with the intent to compare it to other addictions such as alcoholism. While it is not nearly as serious as alcoholism, depen­dence on the calculator can be harmful. Abuse of something nor­mally beneficial may lead to a harm­ful reliance on it. It is not that calcu­lators are harmful, but that overuse may cause harm by causing people to forget how to do mathematics with their own minds.

The problem arises from modern technological advances. In schools, classes become more complicated because of the technology for which students must be prepared when they graduate. Calculators are per­mitted and essential in many such classes. In offices, calculators, com­puters, and word processing systems are commonplace because they in­crease speed and improve efficiency Business people may spend hours working with numbers and rarely calculate mentally. In industry as well, the emphasis on advanced machines results in individuals’ solving fewer mathematical problems on their own.

To alleviate the problem, schools should avoid allowing students to use calculators too early and should require sufficient in-class work without them. All of us should restrict our use of calculators and strive to do math on our own so that we will not lose our basic math skills.

Calcuholism has increased in re­cent years and will continue to in­crease due to advances in technol­ogy. To avoid dependency, we must do mathematics with our minds from time to time rather than with a machine.

Unit VIII

E

1D

2C

3B

4A

5E

Leadership Quiz

Question 1. A good leader should be a good coach as well. (False)

First let's be clear about what leadership is fundamentally. Leadership is basically about showing others the direction to follow, either by getting somewhere first and setting an example or by indicating the direction. Coaching is a nice skill to have but leaders don't have to have it and those who do aren't necessarily good leaders. Coaching is mainly used for developing people, not for influencing them to change direction.

Question 2. The person in charge of a unit should also be its leader. (False) Determining direction is increasingly a knowledge based skill. In any group, different people will have different knowledge. Any one of them can take the lead on a topic on which they are the expert. Leadership is no longer a monopoly of the one person in charge.

Question 3. Leadership is primarily a top - down matter. (False)

Determining direction is increasingly a knowledge based skill. In any group, different people will have different knowledge. Any one of them can take the lead on a topic on which they are the expert. Leadership is no longer a monopoly of the one person in charge.

Question 4. All Leaders intentionally influence people. (False)

Influencing is generally regarded as a deliberate attempt to persuade others to do something. Leadership can occur through setting an example that others want to follow - hero worship if you like - but the leader doesn't have to want to influence you as a primary objective.

Question 5. There should be only one leader in a team. (False)

Determining direction is increasingly a knowledge based skill. In any group, different people will have different knowledge. Any one of them can take the lead on a topic on which they are the expert. Leadership is no longer a monopoly of the one person in charge.

Question 6. A leader must exert authority to command respect. (False)

Leadership is about excelling in a field that others admire. It is not about exerting authority. Leadership is often indirect in the sense that others want to follow you instinctively.

Question 7. All good leaders have a clear long term vision. (False)

Not necessarily. Some leaders do have a vision, others improvise and react in a more entrepreneurial fashion. Many people lead by example, through actions that inspire others by their very nature or because of the results they achieve. In addition, complexity and rapid change require leaders to change direction quickly, making long term vision hard to sustain.

Question 8. To be a leader, you must first be a manager. (False)

This is part of the old fashioned idea that only the manager can be a leader - surely myth status by now. Anyone who can influence a group to change direction is showing leadership.

Question 9. Leaders make decisions for their teams. (False)

Leaders do make decisions but this statement as it is sounds too much like seeing leaders as occupying a role with responsibilities. Leadership is essentially action that creates new directions. Conversely, management is a role related set of responsibilities. We get confused because so many leaders also happen to be managers, but they are separate functions. Management normally means being in charge of people, but this is not necessarily true of leaders. Making decisions is not about influencing people, hence not leadership in any case.

Question 10. Leaders must have good interpersonal skills. (False)

Interpersonal skills contribute to having a broad range of influencing skills. But ''must'' is too strong. The essence of leadership is getting people to change direction and many leaders do so by example or a compelling sales pitch despite having limited interpersonal skills. A lot of disreputable characters have been able to lead people.

Question 11. Leaders must be strategic thinker. (False)

Not necessarily. Some leaders are strategic, others improvise in an entrepreneurial fashion. Some lead by example through actions that inspire others or because of the results they achieve. In addition, complexity and rapid change require leaders to change direction quickly, making fixed strategies hard to sustain.

Question 12. A leader must be a good motivator. (False)

''Motivation'' relates to performance improvement. 'Influence'' relates to getting people to change direction. Leaders create new directions, managers execute them. It is a managerial function to motivate people. Performance improvement is about enhancing efficiency, executing an existing direction more cost effectively. Managers must be good motivators.

Reading 1

Reading comprehension

Exercise 1

1T

2F

3T

4T

5F

6T

7F

8T

Exercise 4

Subject	Leader	Manager
Essence	Change	Stability
Focus	Leading people	Managing work
Have	Followers	Subordinates
Horizon	Long-term	Short-term
Seeks	Vision	Objectives
Approach	Sets direction	Plans detail
Power	Personal charisma	Formal authority
Appeal to	Heart	Head
Style	Transformational	Transactional
Exchange	Excitement for work	Money for work
Wants	Achievement	Results
Risk	Takes	Minimizes
Rules	Breaks	Makes
Conflict	Uses	Avoids
Direction	New roads	Existing roads
Concern	What is right	Being right
Blame	Takes	Blames

Language in use 1

Exercise 1

2

+decisive +charismatic +motivating +adventurous

+open ruthless - +informal uncaring -

+passionate impulsive - +flexible lunatic -

+energetic +straight +accessible +moderate

+balanced +careful +thoughtful aggressive -

3

indecisive uncharismatic demotivating unadventurous

closed gentle formal caring

dispassionate cautious inflexible sane

lethargic crooked inaccessible immoderate

unbalanced careless thoughtless unaggressive

Exercise 2

1 manager’s

2 leader

3 manage

4 leader

5 managing

Exercise 3

1

1 manager	3 directors	5 CEO	7 staff
2 coach	4 workers	6 subordinates	8 employee

2

1c

2e

3b

4f

5g

6d

7a

3

1 managers 2 staff/ workers/ employees 3 fear/ terror 4 upset/ hurt

5 employees/ staff/ workers 6 motivates/ inspires 7 staff/ employees/ workers 8 subordinate

Reading 2

Reading comprehension

Exercise 1

1F

2F

3T

4T

5F

6T

7T

8F

9F

Exercise 3

1 traditional	3affiliate	5 visionary	7appointed
2 pace-setting	4 emergent	6 democratic

Exercise 4

	Leader Characteristics	How style builds resonance	When style is appropriate
Visionary	Inspires. Believes in own vision. Explains how and why people efforts contribute to the ‘dream’.	He moves people towards shared dreams	When changes require a new vision. Or when a clear direction is needed. Radical change.
Coaching	Listen. Helps people identify their own strengths and weaknesses. Counselor. Encourages. Delegates.	Connects what a person wants with the organization’s goals	To help competent, motivated employees to improve performance by building long-term capabilities.
Affiliate	Promotes harmony. Friendly. Empathetic. Boosts morale. Solves conflicts.	Creates harmony by connecting people to each other	To motivate during stressful times. Or to strengthen connections.
Democratic	Superb listener. Team worker. Collaborator.	Appreciates people’s input and gets commitment through participation	To build support or consensus. Or to get valuable input from employees.
Pace-setting	Strong urge to achieve. High own standards. Initiative. Low on empathy and collaboration. Impatience. Micromanaging. Numbers-driven	Realizes challenging and exciting goals	To get high quality results from a motivated and competent team.
Commanding	Commanding “do it because I say so”. Threatening. Tight control. Contaminates everyone’s mood. Drives away talent.	He decreases fear by giving clear direction in an emergency	In a grave crisis. Or with problem employees. To start an urgent organizational turnaround. Traditional military

Language in use 2

Exercise 1

1e	3c	5o	7b	9f	11g	13a	15j
2k	4h	6m	8i	10d	12n	14l

Exercise 2

1

1T

2T

3F

4T

5F

6T

2

1 charismatic	3 abdicatorial	5 laissez-faire
2 consultative	4 bureaucratic	6 dictatorial

Reading 3

Reading comprehension

Exercise 1

1. If you direct people through issuing proclamations and directives, you will come up against opposition and resistance.

2. If a leader has an iron will and tremendous self belief, he can inspire others very powerfully to pursue the ideal.

3. The most effective leadership is to help others feel they are working from their own initiative.

4. However, to persist with the wrong strategy, just to try and prove yourself correct, is the worst thing a leader can do. (correct)

5. It is a mistake to feel that you are always right.

6. A good leader cannot do the jobs of several people.

7. If you are proved right, don’t spend time reminding people it was your idea.

8. Also, humility does not mean false modesty, it means working quietly without demanding recognition and praise.

Exercise 2

1. …they are working from their own initiative.

2. …where he wishes to go, others will not follow.

3. …can admit his mistakes.

4. …the right people and intervene only at critical moments.

5. …, is destined to get into trouble.

6. …not possible to be a true and powerful leader.

7. …the efforts of others.

8. …getting emotionally upset.

9. …his project / group, and not with his personal standing.

Exercise 3

1b	3a	5h	7k	9f	11g	13l
2e	4j	6d	8i	10c	12m

Exercise 4

1) for	3) up,against	5) in	7) into	9) out	11) to, without
2) in	4) by	6) from	8) with	10) for

Listening 4

1

1c

2d

3f

4e

5a

6b

2

1 clear 2 complex

3 effective 4 conflicting

5 jealous 6 crucial

Language in use 3

Exercise 1

1 Resolve	3 give	5 make	7 lose	9 Create
2 Take	4 set	6 Develop	8 Avoid	10 dominate

Exercise 2

a)

1b

2e

3a

4c

5d

6f

b)

1 balance

2 attend

3 set

4 resolve

5 take

6 found

Exercise 3

1c

2b

3d

4a

5d

6c

7a

8b

Exercise 4

1 with	3 on	5 on	7 by/with	9 in
2 of	4 into	6 to	8 to	10 to

Exercise 5

1 used	4 where	7 least	10 decision
2 choosing	5 chief	8 lots/a lot	11 which
3 importance	6 successfully	9 four	12 business

Role-game

a) establish stay diversify pay buck	b) cut put collaborate stick think
c) involve eliminate ignore turn reward	d) take stretch generate have dare
e) lead shake grow take ride	f) focus sell seize stay innovate