United states contributions

1. Lorenzo Delmonico, a Swiss immigrant, established fine restaurant dining in the United States in the first half of the 19^th century. In several ways the United States has revolutionized the act of dining out. An American invented the cafeteria, a self-service restaurant that first appeared in San Francisco during the California gold rush of 1849. In a cafeteria, all items are a la carte, which means that everything is priced separately. This is in contrast to a restaurant where customers can order a fixed-price meal that includes meat, potatoes, vegetables, and sometimes a dessert.

2. Dining on trains also had its origin in the United States. Pullman diners served full-course meals to passengers traveling long distances. Today the best railroad dining is to be found on European trains, especially the Euro-City network of express trains. Off all trains, the most notable for luxury dining is the Venice-Simplon Orient Express, which runs between London and Venice.

3. The United States is home to the fast-food industry, which consists of chains of franchise outlets. These outlets often specialize in one type of food, such as hamburgers, fried chicken, seafood, pizza, hotdogs, or Mexican dishes. Since their large-scale emergence in the 1950s, fast-food franchises have spread around the world.

4. Another contribution made by the United States to the restaurant business is the specialty establishment, one that serves only a limited menu, such as seafood, steak, or ribs. Ethnic dining is also common in North America. Since the early 1950s there has been a great increase in the number of restaurants specializing in Italian, Chinese, Mexican, Japanese, and other national dishes. Each immigrant group has established its own type of restaurant. The large numbers of Greek immigrants in Canada and the United States have contributed significantly to the restaurant industry, not only by introducing their national foods to North America, but also by operating a great variety of restaurants.

I. Определите, является ли утверждение истинным (true – t), ложным (false – f) или в тексте нет информации (not available – n.a.):

1. The first cafeteria appeared in the USA.

2. There were a lot of fast food restaurants at the world at the beginning of the 20th century.

3. The hospitality industry plays an important part in feeding people away from home.

4. Tourists can eat ethnic dishes in the restaurants of North America.

II. Укажите, какому из абзацев текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая

идея:

1. There are a lot of specialized restaurants in the USA.

2. European restaurants provide excellent railroad dining.

III. Ответьте на вопрос:

What was the difference between cafeteria and a restaurant?

1. In a cafeteria customers could order only deserts.

2. Cafeterias specialize in one type of dishes.

3. In a cafeteria customers ordered a fixed-priced menu.

4. In a cafeteria customers ordered dishes separately.

IV. Определите основную идею текста:

1. The large number of the national restaurants in the USA is due to the large number of immigrant groups.

2. The USA made a great contribution into the restaurant business.

3. The USA is home of fast food industry.

4. Great inventions in feeding people were made in the 19^th century.