1. Определите функции "after", "before", "since", "only" и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Never before has motion been so important as it is today.

2. The law of the conservation of matter had been discovered by Lomonosov many years before Lavoisier.

3. In a gas a molecule usually covers a distance corresponding to many molecular diameters before it collides with another molecule.

4. Before active combustion can take place, the substance to be burned must be raised in temperature…

5. After the train has passed a short distance from its starting point, it might, perhaps, cover only about 60 km per hour, its speed gradually increasing all the time.

6. After determining the number of amperes and volts one can find the resistance of the coil.

7. After the boiling point has been reached, the temperature of the water cannot be increased any more even if more heat were added.

8. After the London Exhibition of Physical Instruments in 1876, Yablochkov's invention was demonstrated many times at several other world exhibitions in Paris.

9. Since the boiling temperature of a liquid depends on the pressure above the liquid, one must be exact when speaking of the boiling point.

10. Since that time it has become the usual thing to speak of the current as flowing from positive to negative.

11. Since the electrons in the wire constitute the current flow, they will certainly tend to flow from the point of lower potential towards that of higher potential.

12. An electric current passes through a gas only when the molecules or atoms of the gas are ionized.

13. The only requirement consists in placing the rod in the field of the magnet.

14. All the transformations, the endless number of chemical changes that are always taking place are only changing energy from one form into another without affecting the total.

15. Kinematics is the only branch of physics which describes motion with respect to speed, time and distance.

16. Liquids can conduct heat only they are very poor conductors.

Конструкция the…, the…

Конструкция the+прилагательное (наречие) в сравнительной степени…, the+прилагательное (наречие) в сравнительной степени переводится на русский язык чем+прилагательное (наречие) в сравнительной степени, …тем+прилагательное (наречие) в сравнительной степени.

The greater the mass of a body and its velocity, the greater its kinetic energy.

Чем больше масса тела и его скорость, тем больше его кинетическая энергия.

1. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.

1. But the higher the temperature, the more molecules there will be in the vapour state.

2. The better you know the laws governing the transformation of matter and energy, the more you understand the fundamental relations between them.

3. The more satellites the scientists and engineers launch into space, the easier it will be to assemble orbital observatories.

4. The larger the diameter of the wire, the smaller the resistance is and, hence, the more current can flow through it.

5. Conductivity is obviously the opposite of resistance. At least, the greater conductivity a substance has, the less is its resistance.

6. The greater the electromotive force, the greater is the pressure on the electrons moving through the conductor.

7. The faster an object moves, the greater is air resistance.

8. From the second law of dynamics it follows that the greater the force and the smaller the mass of a body, the greater the acceleration imparted to the body.

9. The planets move in the orbits; the more slowly, the farther away they are from the sun.

10. The lower the centre of gravity, the greater is the stability of the body.