С ложное подлежащее (или именительный падеж) с причастием

выражено, как правило, глаголами, обозначающими умственную

деятельность или чувственное восприятие: to assume, to consider, to expect, to feel, to see, to observe, to notice и др.

Перевод следует начинать со сказуемого, которое переводится неопределенно-личным предложением (соответствует 3-ему лицу множественного числа, например, считают, наблюдали и т.п.). Сам оборот переводится придаточным дополнительным предложением с союзом "как" или "что", в котором причастие становится сказуемым.

He was seen repairing the engine.

Видели, как (что) он ремонтировал двигатель.

6. Определите функцию Participle I в следующих предложениях. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

A. 1. Motor cars and airplanes burn liquid fuel producing heat which is converted into the kinetic energy of motion.

2. At an average room temperature a gas molecule travels at the tremendous rate of several hundred meters per second making more than five milliard collisions with other speeding molecules every second.

3. Being acted upon by an external force a body will change its state of rest to a state of motion.

4. While freezing water expands by about 9% of its volume.

5. Falling on a special kind of cell, a light beam can generate an electric current. The appliance using that phenomenon to produce electricity is called a photoelectric cell.

6. Being influenced by temperature and pressure, the volume of any substance is not constant.

7. Being separated from the sun by vacuum the earth receives its heat by radiation.

8. This experiment shows that the air being heated in the flask expands and shifts the drop of water.

9. Being subjected to high temperatures aluminium loses its strength rapidly.

10. The liquid passing through this pipe is gradually warmed.

B. 1. Having alloyed copper with tin Greeks and Romans formed a new alloy called "bronze".

2. Having been heated at one end and then left to itself, a solid body eventually acquires a uniform temperature.

3. Having determined the number of amperes and volts one can find the resistance of the coil.

4. Having lost some of its electrons, the atom has a positive charge.

5. Having been adjusted by the operator the machine tool continued to work.

6. Having started the search for new kind of fuel the scientist must keep in mind the disadvantages of the new resources.

7. Having been heated the substance occupied every portion of the container.

6. Переведите на русский язык предложения с Participle II, предварительно определив его функцию.

A. 1. Heat absorbed by a solid may cause the solid to melt or to change from a ghsolid to a liquid state.

2. Liquid fuels if used in the cylinders of diesel engines produce heat.

3. If produced by friction heat is usually considered as useless work.

4. The temperature of the liquid obtained remained constant.

5. When alloyed with some other metals aluminium gets much better characteristics.

6. The machines used differed in sizes and designs.

7. The lathe described machined workpieces automatically.

8. If heated magnetized steel will lose its magnetism.

9. The energy transferred by radiation is transmitted from one place to another by waves of exactly the same nature as radio waves.

B. 1.Numerous experiments followed by sound conclusions helped to solve the problem.

2. The formation of vapour followed by its diffusion in the atmosphere will be dealt with in the next article.

3. The data referred to in the paper is of great importance.

4. 10⁸ is a number expressed by one followed by eight zeroes.

5. The Universal gravitation spoken about at the lecture was discovered by Newton in 1665.

6. The agreement arrived at yesterday is of great importance.

7. Bodies acted upon by some force have changed their state of rest.

8. The substance affected by a magnetic field was a metal.

9. The state of the substance influenced by temperature and pressure is taken into account.