Условные предложения

Типы предложений	Условное придаточное предложение	Главное предложение
I тип Изъявительное наклонение Условие реальное, относящееся к будущему времени	Present Simple If a body is heated Если тело нагреют,	Future Simple the motion of its atoms will be more intensive. движение его атомов будет более интенсивным.
II тип Сослагательное наклонение Условие нереальное (или маловероятное), относящееся к настоящему или будущему времени	Past Subjunctive = Past Simple If the body were (was) heated Если бы это тело нагрели,	should/would, could/might + Simple Infinitive the motion of its atoms would be more intensive. то движение его атомов было бы более интенсивным.
III тип Сослагательное наклонение Условие нереальное, относящееся к прошедшему времени	Past Perfect Subjunctive = Past Perfect If this body had been heated Если бы это тело было нагрето,	should/would, could/might +Perfect Infinitive the motion of its atoms would have been more intensive. движение его атомов было бы более интенсивным.

Примечание:

В условных придаточных предложениях II и III типа союзы if, provided могут быть опущены. В этом случае в придаточном предложении наблюдается обратный порядок слов, т.е. сказуемое или вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим.

Had we enough spare time, we should attend the conference.

Б ыло бы у нас

Если бы у нас было

2. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на сослагательное наклонение

1. Hence, a higher temperature is required to convert water into steam at a high pressure than it would be necessary at a low pressure.

2. It would be quite wrong to think that conducting materials are the only materials to be used for power transmission.

3. One might ask: "Can every substance exist in all of these four states?"

4. Suppose that one could live in a world where the average temperature were 250⁰C. At our ordinary pressures, water and ether would be in a gaseous state.

5. In this case the substance acts as if it were compressed by a very great pressure.

6. We should like to make some remarks about this work.

7. The new system of units suggested that the joule be used as the unit of work and energy.

8. It is necessary that the preliminary reaction be essentially complete.

9. Without friction our world would be very strange, indeed. Without friction between the tyres and the road, a car could not move.

10. The point of application of the resultant force is called the centre of gravity. It is as if the body's weight were concentrated at this point.

11. Much was expected from this method under which it would be possible to repair or replace district heating pipes.

2. Сравните типы условных предложений и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. If he is busy I shall do the work myself.

If he were busy, I should do the work myself.

If he had been busy, I should have done the work myself.

2. If we finish our work in time we shall go home.

If we finished our work in time we should go home.

If we had finished our work in time we should have gone home.

3. If you come you will see her.

If you came you would see her.

If you had come you would have seen her.

3. If this gas is heated in a closed vessel, its volume will not increase.

If this gas were heated in a closed vessel, its volume would not increased.

If this gas had been heated in a closed vessel, its volume would not have increased.

3. If this liquid is heated it expands.

If this liquid were heated it would expand.

If this liquid had been heated it would have expanded.