IX. Exercises.

1. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the use of the verbs "to be", "to have", "should":

1) Hypertension is a dangerous disease. 2) Hypertension is treated with special antihypertensive drugs. 3) We see that in this patient the symptoms of hypertension are disappeared slowly. 4) A patient with hypertension is usually in the clinic. 5) A patient with hypertension is to follow a definite course of treatment. 6) The patient has a deep would in his leg. 7) The surgeon has just examined a deep would in the patient's leg. 8) The surgeon has to examine the patient with a deep wound in his leg. 9) You should report me on any changes in the patient's condition. 10) One should remember that white blood cell count increases (nearly) almost in all diseases.

2. Translate the words given in brackets into English and then translate the sentences:

1) To fight against any infectious disease successfully a doctor (должен) know its origin. 2) The redness on the lateral surface of the arm (может) disappear after the treatment. 3) To determine the origin of the tobacco mosaic disease Ivanovsky (должен был) carry out many experiments on the plants. 4) The doctor (следует) know all the properties of a drug before he gives it to the patient. 5) At the nest conference one of the researchers of this laboratory (нужно будет) report on his discovery in detail. 6) The medical students (будет разрешено) operate on the patients only in the fifth year. 7) It is only in the presence of oxygen that aerobic microorganisms (могут) multiply rapidly.

3. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the underlined words:

1) The researcher failed to draw any conclusion from his numerous experiments. 2) The X-ray examination failed to prove the consolidation in the lung. 3) Nobody failed (at) the examination in Physiology. 4) Sometimes in the man with impaired health phagocytes fail to destroy the invading microorganisms. 5) He failed in Biochemistry as he had not paid enough attention to this subject.

X. Text "Louis Pasteur"

Louis Pasteur was born in 1822. He was a prominent French chemist, one of the founders of modern microbiology.

His research work helped much to establish the field of bacteriology. In his early years Louis Pasteur devoted his energies to the discovery of microorganisms in wine and beer production. He introduced the idea of heat (жар) sterilization (pasteurization) for these products and milk too.

In later life he became interested in hydrophobia. Working in this field he developed the principle that viral (вирусный) pathogenic properties could be attenuated (ослаблять) by passing the virus through the body of a proper animal. On the basis of these observations he developed a vaccine for hydrophobia.

Continuing his investigation Louis Pasteur discovered the method to prevent (предотвратить) some infectious disease by introducing attenuated causative agents (возбудитель). This method is known as vaccination. It has helped to fight against many infectious diseases.