Экономические

When we telephoned on 23rd May we were assured by your Chief Buyer, Mr. K. Innis that a cheque would be forwarded to us that day.

We should like to draw your attention to the fact that you have considerably exceeded the term of credit usually allowed. We must therefore insist on receiving payment by 28 June. Failing this, we shall have no alternative but to refer the matter to our solicitors.

Yours faithfully,

Adrew Fitton

Company Secretary

Vocabulary

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Exercises

I. Find the answers in the introduction.

1.How are business letters sent?

2.Are many business letters devoted to payment problems?

3.How many specimen letters are given there?

4.To what problem(s) were they devoted?

II. Complete the sentences, as in the letters.

1.We enclose a statement of account from which you will see that you owe …

2.As you know, our conditions of sale stipulate …

3.An early settlement would be appreciated …

4.We have had no reply …

5.We enclose a duplicate …

6.We have not yet received …

7.Nor have we received …

8.We were assured by your Chief Buyer …

9.We should like to draw your attention o the fact that you have considerably exceeded …

10.We must therefore insist …

11.Failing this, we shall have no alternative …

III. Translate the letters and answer the questions.

1.Was Crowley and Bullock Ltd. a buyer or a seller?

2.How much did they owe the other company?

3.When were they to pay?

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4.Did they answer the first letter?

5.When did they promise to pay during the telephone conversation?

6.Did they keep their promise?

7.What was the deadline stated by Mr. Fitton?

8.What measures did he say he would take if Crowley and Bullock Ltd. did not pay then?

9.What was Mr. Fitton’s position in the company?

10.Who signed the previous two letters?

11.Why do you think various people were involved into this problem?

IV. Write 3 similar letters changing the names, dates, figures.

TELEPHONE CONVERSATIONS

Here is a specimen telephone conversation between two businessmen with a secretary answering the call first:

Secretary: Good morning. Consolidated Industries. Can I help you?

Mr. Weston: Good morning. I’d like to speak to Mr. James Marsh, please. Secretary: Who’s calling, please?

Mr. Weston: My name is Weston. I’m from Plant Installations Limited, Manchester.

Secretary: Will you hold the line a moment, Mr. Weston? Mr. Weston: Yes, thank you.

Mr. Marsh: Hello, Marsh speaking.

Secretary: Oh, hello, Mr. Marsh. I’ve got Mr. Weston from Plant Installations Limited on the line . Can you speak to him now?

Mr. Marsh: Oh, yes. Thank you. Put him through, please. Secretary: You are through now, Mr. Weston.

Mr. Marsh: Hello, Mr. Weston. What can I do for you?

Mr. Weston: Good morning, Mr. Marsh. I’m phoning to say we have problems with the spare parts you sent us last week.

Mr. Marsh: Do you mean those sent under Contract 106? Mr. Weston: You are quite right.

Mr. Marsh: And what are the problems? What’s wrong with the spares? Mr. Weston: Well, you see the first problem is that the spares arrived with a

two weeks delay.

Mr. Marsh: Yes, you remember wrote to you about the delay. It wasn’t our fault. You should take that into account.

Mr. Weston: Still the contract stipulated the damages for delays.

Mr. Marsh: Mr. Weston, I’ve got an idea. Next week I’m coming to London and I’ll contact you. I hope we shall come to an agreement.

Mr. Weston: Very good. Then we shall discuss both problems. By the way when exactly are you coming?

Mr. Marsh: On Tuesday and I’ll ring up as soon as I come to the hotel. Mr. Weston: Good. I’m looking forward to seeing you. Good-bye. Mr. Marsh: Good-bye. See you on Tuesday.

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Exercises

I. Find the English equivalents in the conversation.

–Доброе утро. Чем могу быть полезен?

–Я хотел бы поговорить с мистером Машем.

–Кто его просит?

–Не вешайте трубку.

–Я узнаю, свободен ли он.

–Говорит Маш.

–Вам звонит мистер Вестон.

–Вы можете поговорить с ним сейчас?

–Соедините меня с ним.

–Мистер Вестон, я вас соединяю.

–Здравствуйте, мистер Вестон. Чем могу быть полезен?

II. Сomplete the sentences, as in the conversation.

1.I’m phoning to say we have problems with …

2.Do you mean those sent …

3.What’s wrong with …

4.Well, you see the first problem is that the spares arrived with …

5.Yes, you remember wrote to you about …

6.It wasn’t our …

7.You should take that into …

8.Still the contract stipulated …

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9.Next week I’m coming to London and …

10.I hope we shall come to …

11.By the way when exactly …

12.On Tuesday and I’ll ring …

13.I’m looking forward to …

III. Answer the following questions.

1.What problems made Mr. Weston make the telephone call?

2.Did Mr. Marsh admit it was their fault that the goods were not shipped on time?

3.Did Mr. Weston mention that damages should be paid to him?

4.Did they settle the problem during the conversation?

5.Where and when did they decide to discuss the problem?

6.Whose initiative was it?

IV. Reproduce the conversations:

–between Mr. Weston and the secretary;

–between Mr. Marsh and the secretary;

–between Mr. Weston and Mr. Marsh.

V. Act out conversations:

–you speak with the secretary of Brown and Co.;

–you speak with Mr. Smith of Brown and Co. about a one week delay of shipment.

VI. Underline the sentence you like best in every group of synonymous sentences.

1.This is Petrov. Petrov speaking. It’s Petrov.

My name is Petrov.

2.Could I speak to Mr. Brown? Can I speak to Mr. Brown? I’d like to speak to Mr. Brown.

3.Please, hold the line. Could you hold the line? Could you hold on? Will you hold on? Would you like to hold?

BUSINESS TALKS

Here is a specimen business talk:

Mr. Weston: Oh, Mr. Marsh, I’m so very glad to see you. Did you have a nice trip?

Mr. Marsh: I’m glad to see you too. The trip was quite sooth. And I hope our talk will be very smooth too.

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Mr. Weston: Well, then let’s get down to business. I propose to discuss the second problem and then we shall speak about the delay. Maybe we shall settle both at a time.

Mr. Marsh: Agreed. And what is the second problem?

Mr. Weston: Mr. Marsh, you see , when the spares arrived we found that the packaging was all wrong. You packed them in plastic boxes instead of the metal containers we specified in the contract.

Mr. Marsh: But did they come safe?

Mr. Weston : Unfortunately 50 pieces were damaged severely and 30 pieces were slightly damaged.

Mr. Marsh: I’m awfully sorry about it. May, I have a paper testifying to the damage. It is important for our packers. But as so to the damage we’ll certainly rectify the situation.

Mr. Weston: I hope so and what do you suggest?

Mr. Marsh: I offer to ship the replacement by air this week. Mr. Weston: And at whose expense will it be done?

Mr. Marsh: We’ll certainly cover all the transportation expenses and insurance.

Mr. Weston: Then if you send the replacement by air this week and they safety reach us we shall forget about the delay or the first problem.

Mr. Marsh: Thank you. I think it’s kind of you to make this suggestion. Mr. Weston: And one more thing. Please send me a fax to confirm the ship-

ment.

Mr. Marsh: Good. I’ll see to it. The fax will be sent the same day the spares will be shipped from the airport.

Mr. Weston: Thank you for cooperation and I hope in future we’ll have no problems at all.

Mr. Marsh: I hope so. Thank you again and good-bye. Mr. Weston: Good-bye and happy journey back home.

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–Oh, Mr. Marsh, I’m so very glad …

–Did you have a …

–I’m glad to see …

–The trip was …

–I hope our talk will be …

–Well, then let’s get …

–I propose to discuss the second …

–Maybe we shall settle both …

–When the spares arrived we found …

–You packed them …

–Unfortunately 50 pieces were … and 30 pieces were …

–May, I have a paper …

–But as so to the damage …

–I offer to ship …

–We’ll certainly cover …

–Then if you send the replacement by air …

–It’s kind of you …

–Please send me a fax …

–I’ll see to …

–I hope in future …

–Happy …

II. Reproduce the beginning of the talk before the businessmen get down to business.

III. Translate the words of Mr. Weston proposing to discuss the second problem first.

IV. Reproduce the dialogue when the businessmen settle the second and the first problem at a time.

V. Answer the following questions:

–Do you like the way Mr. Weston handled the situation?

–What is your opinion of Mr. Marsh?

–How would you change the settlement of the problem?

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UNIT 10

WOULD YOU LIKE

TO START A BUSINESS?

If you want to start a business, you are to know some definite information about it. We suggest you to see how a company is formed from the very beginning.

A company can be also called a firm or a business. When it is producing goods or trading, we say it is in business. A company which is just starting up is going into business and a firm which stops operating goes out of business. If a firm becomes bigger, it expands. The expansion means that a company will produce more goods or sell more products. A manufacturer produces goods. They are its products. When a manufacturing company expands, it means that it increases its production.

A company selling goods in large quantities (in bulk) is called a wholesaler. A person or a company buying in bulk (wholesale) and selling goods in small quantities is a retailer. Many local shops sell goods retail. Two or more companies which sell or manufacture the same product are competitors. They are in competition and they compete for customers. To be ahead of its rivals the company must be competitive.

An area where there is a demand for certain goods is called a market. A company selling locally sells its goods in the local market. If a company sells its goods at the same place where they are produced, it uses the home or domestic market. A firm selling abroad is an exporter. It sells on the international or overseas market. The goods it exports are exports. An importer buys goods abroad and imports them into his own country.

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1.A firm which is just starting up is _______: a) going into business;

b) is in business;

c) going out of business.

2.A company which sells goods in large quantities is called _____: a) a wholesaler;

b) a retailer;

c) a wholesale distributor.

3.Two or more companies which sell or manufacture the same product are _: a) customers;

b) retailers;

c) competitors.

4.A company which sells goods abroad is _______:

a)an importer;

b)an exporter;

c)a rival.

5. An area where there is a demand for certain goods is called a ____:

a)business;

b)market;

c)importation.

II. Complete the sentences using the text.

1.A wholesaler is a person or a company selling ...

2.A retailer is a person or a company selling ...

3.A customer is a person ...

4.A competitor is a person or a company ...

III. Find the information containing in the text.

1.When a company is producing goods or trading, we say it is in business.

2.Any manufacturer always thinks about expansion of his company.

3.When a company expands, it increases its production.

4.When you sell retail, you sell more expensive.

5.Selling in bulk, you sell cheaper.

6.Two or more companies which sell or manufacture the same product are competitors.

7.The companies selling on the overseas market must be competitive.

8.Imports have become very expensive lately.

9.There are a few competitive companies in the domestic market of the country.

10.An importer buys goods abroad and imports them into his own country.

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IV. Answer the following questions.

1.Why can a company go out of business?

2.When can a firm expand?

3.What do you buy wholesale?

4.What can you buy retail?

5.What famous manufacturing companies of our country do you know?

6.Which of them sell goods on the overseas market?

7.What famous importers of our country can you think of?

8.What must a company have to be competitive?

9.What can a firm do to win its rivals?

10.What products in our domestic market can be competitive abroad?

V. Translate into English a piece of a report of the Minister of Economics.

1.На внутреннем рынке страны в прошлом году появилось много конкурентов.

2.Причина этого в том, что многие иностранные компании открывают сейчас свой бизнес в России.

3.Несмотря на то что импортные товары дорогие, благодаря своим качествам они конкурентоспособны.

4.Мы понимаем, что в будущем компании-производители начнут расширять производство своих товаров.

5.Именно поэтому наши оптовые предприятия изучают спрос на внешнем рынке.

6.Мы считаем, что наши товары смогут конкурировать со своими соперниками за рубежом и завоюют своих клиентов.

VI. Give the summary of the text in 5 sentences using as many new words as possible.

VII. Split into pairs and act out a dialogue.

One of you is an importer to Russia, the other is an exporter of the same product. Speak about advantages and disadvantages of exporting and importing. Use if necessary the following words and phrases.

Now you already know the most important notions of business and economics. May be some day some of you will start a business of your own. Let us check if you have abilities for that.

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