- •1. Stylistics as a linguistic discipline. The subject-matter of stylistics and its basic notions.
- •2. General scientific background of linguo-stylistics. Information theory and stylistics. The definition of information. Different types of information.
- •3. Information theory and linguistics. The major types of information from a linguo-stylistic prospective.
- •4. The principal model of information transfer. Its constituents.
- •5. The principal model of information transfer. Basic processes involved. Information loss and accumulation.
- •6. Types and kinds of stylistics.
- •7. Basic notions of stylistics: language, speech activity, and speech; syntagmatics and paradigmatics; marked and unmarked members of stylistic opposition.
- •8. Basic notions of stylistics: style, individual style; norm; variant, context.
- •9. Linguistic vs stylistic context, other types of context.
- •10. Em and sd.
- •11. Foregrounding: the evolution of the notion, major types.
- •12. The theory of image. The image structure, types of images.
- •13. Style and meaning. Types of connotations.
- •14. Forms and varieties of language. The notion of received standard.
- •15. Basis for the stylistic differentiation of the English vocabulary; stylistic and functional style.
- •16. См. 17, 18, 19, 20
- •17. Stylistic potential of neutral words.
- •18. Literary words and their stylistic functions.
- •19. The interrelations between archaic word, historic words, stylistic and lexical neologisms.
- •21. The notions of em and sd on the syntactic level.
- •22. General characteristics of the English syntactical expressive means.
- •23. Syntactical em based on the redundancy of elements of the neutral syntactic model.
- •24. Syntactical em based on the violation of word order of elements of the neutral syntactic model.
- •25. Syntactic sd based on the interaction of several syntactic constructions within the utterance.
- •26. Syntactic sd based on the interaction of forms and types of syntactic connections between words, clauses, sentences.
- •27. Syntactic sd based on the interaction of the syntactic construction meaning with the context.
- •28. General characteristics of the English semasiological means of stylistics.
- •29. Classification of figures of substitution. Em based on the notion of quantity an em based on the notion of quality.
- •30. General characteristics of figures of substitution as expressive means of semasiology.
- •31. General characteristics of figures of combination as stylistic devices of semasiology.
- •32. Figures of quality: general characteristics.
- •33. Figures of quantity: hyperbole, meiosis.
- •49. Major paradigms of literary text interpretation.
- •50. Hermeneutic, logical, psychological perspectives of the literary text interpretation.
- •51. Basic notions of literary text interpretation: textual reference and artistic model of the world. Fictitious time and space.
- •52. Basic notions of the literary text interpretation. Text partitioning and composition. Implication and artistic detail.
- •53. The notion of the author in the narrative text. Internal and external aspects of the author’s textual presence.
- •54. The notion of the point of view. Types of point of view.
- •55. The narrator in the literary text. Types of narrators.
- •56. Approaches to fictional character within the framework of modern text interpretation.
- •57. Major classifications of literary text characters.
- •58. Methods of characterization of the literary text personage.
- •59. Perceptive semantics of the literary text. The notion of “split addressee”. Major criteria for the differentiation of literary text addressees.
- •60. Reader-in-the-text as a literary text construct. Typology of “in-text” readers.
- •61. Linguistic signals of addressee-orientation. Cognitive mechanisms of their formation and functioning, their typology.
61. Linguistic signals of addressee-orientation. Cognitive mechanisms of their formation and functioning, their typology.
Linguistic signals of addressee orientation (SAO) are textual elements of any rank (from grapheme to paragraph) that trigger the reader’s cognitive and emotional text processing in line with the in-text interpretation pattern. There 2 facets: verbal and cognitive. Verbally, SAO emerge due to the interaction of textual indeterminacy and determinacy (global, local, localized) that give rise to receptive hindrances (anomalies and lacunas) and clues which are foregrounded in literary texture. Cognitively, the emergence of SAO is regulated by the principle of highling/shadowing. Due to these properties of SAO, their identification in a literary text depends much on the reader’s and author’s shared knowledge.
TYPOLOGY
1) functional specificity
- specialized (direct address, you-phrase)
- non – specialized (indirect address, implicit triggers) (с помощью foregrounding)
2) distribution and range:
- single/global (one textual element)
- multiple/local(в отдельных местах) (many textual elements)
- convergent (их много и они в одном месте)/localized (их много и они в 1 месте)
3) FOREGROUNDING
- GRAPHICAL(multiplication, graphons, spacing)
- Syntactical (parenthesis, punctuation)
- Discursive (isotopic chains, i.e. повтор на семантическом уровне, с одним семантическим значением, например автор использует слова с негативными коннотациями для характеристики персонажа) wife – she – Am.girk – the girl- his wife
- Compositional – strong(salient) positions: TITLE, BEG &END, epigraph, microparagraphs
- Lexical
- Combination