III. Find English equivalents for:

середньовіччя, цінності, впливати, релігійний, поглиблений, юридичний, богословський, диспут, доступний, соціальний рівень, фізичний, середньовічний.

IV. Complete the sentences using the text:

1. The stress was made on … .

2. All curricula should have been … .

3. The subjects were divided into … .

4. Teachers were … .

5. Universities allowed to get … .

6. Main methods of studies were … .

7. Each social class … .

V. Match the English words and word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents:

1. valuable citizen a. медичний

2. church b. розділення

3. separation c. уміння

4. to approve d. назначати

5. to appoint e. церква

6. skill f. цінній громадянин

7. medical g. художній

8. artistic h. затверджувати

VI. Single out 5 features, which characterize education in the Middle Ages.

VII. Explain the great influence of the Church on education.

VIII. Read and translate the text using the dictionary:

The Middle Ages

Monks taught boys reading and writing Latin. Latin was very important, because both the Bible and the Church services used that language. Bishops also were teachers at schools, called cathedral schools. Some of the cathedral schools, like the ones in Paris, became great learning centers and universities. Many of the smartest men of the Middle Ages were educated in Paris and also taught there. Students began learning with the seven liberal arts. The liberal arts consisted of Latin grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music. A person, who showed that he knew the arts well enough, became a Master of Arts. Students could choose to study either law, medicine, philosophy or theology. Those, who taught this type of education, were known as doctors. Today some universities still offer the same degrees, as the ones in the Middle Ages.

Not only did the church encourage learning, they also encouraged artists and builders to build some of the finest structures in the world and paint beautiful masterpieces. Many of the cathedrals still stand, representing medieval times. 

During the Middle Ages girls were not taught to read and write. There were a few organized schools for women in convents, but most girls and women, who learned to read, received home schooling.  

IX. Make up a plan of the text in the form of questions.

X. Render the text in a written form.

Unit 8

Topic: Upbringing in the period of Renaissance

I. Read and remember the following words and word-combinations:

the Renaissance – епоха відродження

transition – перехід

prominent changes – визначні зміни

strong willed person – вольова людина

asceticism – аскетизм

prohibition – заборона

to greet – вітати

II. Read and translate the following text:

The Renaissance – is a transition from the medieval culture to the culture of the new times. It was closely connected with the prominent changes in all spheres of life. The idea of a cheerful, strong willed spiritually and bodily person appeared. Ancient culture became the standards of behaviour, instead of the medieval asceticism. This movement is called humanism. Humanistic pedagogics was characterized by the respect to children, prohibition of corporal punishment, aspiration to perfection of child’s skills. Humanists paid much attention to physical and aesthetic upbringing, learning mother tongue, Greek and Latin languages, mathimatics, astronomy, mechanics, natural history, geography, literature, arts. They stated that children should think actively, cognize environment by themselves. The process of teaching should be attractive and interesting to them with widely used visual aids. Children should learn subjects in their mother tongue. Women had right to study in all types of schools.

The Renaissance created new original systems of education and upbringing. Two main tendencies of socializing emerged in its depths: humanistic that claimed harmonic development of a free personality, who changes society and nature, and reformative, which greeted the idea of community and limited a personality in the frames of that community, and also tried to reform Catholicism.

Pedagogics of the Renaissance created a new type of a school that oriented pupils to solve task practically. But the number of such schools was small and the idea of common education was not realized.