Unit 1

I Read and remember the words and their translation.

1. advance – прогрес;

2. accurate – точний;

3. investigation – дослідження;

4. narrow – вузький;

5. carbon filament – вугільна нитка накала;

6. drastically – рішуче, радикально;

7. humankind – людство;

1. Read and translate the text Science and Technology.

Science and technology

In recent years, scientific and technological developments have drastically changed life on our planet as well as our views both of us as individuals in society and of the Universe as a whole.

Today, science and technology are closely related. Many modem technologies such as nuclear power and space flights depend on science and the application of scientific knowledge and principles. Each advance in pure science creates new opportunities for the development of new ways of making things to be used in daily life. In turn, technology provides science with new and more accurate instruments for its investigation and research.

Technology refers to the ways in which people use discoveries to satisfy needs and desires, to alter the environment, to improve their lives. Throughout human history, men and women have invented tools, machines, materials and techniques, to make their lives easier. Of course, when we speak of technology today, we are looking at it in a much narrower sense. Generally, we mean industrial technology, or the technology that began about 200 years ago with the development of power-driven machines, growth of the factory system, and mass production of goods that has created the basis for our modern society. Today we often say that we live in an age of science and technology. According to one estimate, 90 % of all the scientists who ever lived, were alive and active in the 1970-s. This increased scientific activity has brought new ideas, processes, and inventions in ever-growing amount.

The scientific revolution that started in the 16th century was the first time that science and technology began to work together. Thus, Galileo who made revolutionary discoveries in astronomy and physics also built an improved telescope and patented a system of lifting water. However, it was not until the 19th century that technology truly was based on science and inventors began to build on the work of scientists. For example, Thomas Edison built on the early experiments of Faraday and Henry in his invention of the first practical system of electrical lighting. Edison carried on his investigations until he found the carbon filament for the electric bulb in a research laboratory. This was the first true modern technological research.

In a sense, the history of science and technology is the history of all humankind.

2. Answer the following questions.

1. What role have scientific and technological developments played in human’s life?

2. What proves that science and technology are closely related today?

3. What does the term “technology” refer to?

4. What does the term “industrial technology” mean?

5. How is scientific activity in the 1970s estimated?

6. Who is Thomas Edison?

7. What modern technologies do you know?

8. When did the scientific revolution start?

9. Who made revolutionary discoveries in astronomy and physics?

10. What facts prove that the scientific revolution in the 16^th century was the time that science and technology began to work together?

3. Say whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

1. Today, science and technology are related.

2. 80% of all scientists who ever lived were active in the 1970s.

3. The scientific revolution started in the 20^th century.

4. Galileo made revolutionary discoveries in architecture.

5. Throughout human history men and women have not invented fools, machines, materials and techniques.

4. Complete the sentences.

1. In recent years ... in society and of the Universe as a whole.

2. Many modern technologies such as ... .

3. ... that started in the 16^th century ... together.

4. Thomas Edison created ...

5. Thus, Galileo ... discoveries in ... of lifting water.

5. Match English word or word-group with its Ukrainian equivalent.

1. throughout a. можливості

2. technology b. відкриття

3. daily life c. винаходити

4. to invent d. знання

5. scientific revolution e. повсякденне життя

6. opportunities f. електричний

7. electric g. технологія

8. discoveries h. лампочка

9. knowledge i. наукова революція

10. bulb j. скрізь, повсюди

6. Find the English equivalents to the words.

Технології, наукові відкриття, вчені, революція, виробництво продукції, електрична лампочка, відноситися, сучасне суспільство, зростання, обладнання, повсякденне життя, можливості, знання, винаходи.

7. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Наукові відкриття, зроблені відомими вченими, суттєво змінили життя людей.

2. Томас Едісон винайшов електричну лампочку.

3. Згодом новітні технології дозволять повністю автоматизувати процес виробництва.

4. Галілео зробив революційні відкриття в астрономії та фізиці.

5. Автоматизація дозволить не використовувати працю людей на шкідливих виробництвах та в нічний час.

8. Make up sentences with the terms.

Scientific, technological, developments, drastically, closely, related, knowledge, principles, tools, machines, materials, techniques, scientific revolution, inventions, electrical lightning, research laboratory.

II Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations.

In recent years scientific revolution, ever-growing, amount, inventors, throughout, humankind, technological developments, astronomy, physics, narrower sense, development, new ways of making things, an age of science and technology, a system of lifting water, telescope.

III Read and translate the text Science. Make up the plan in form of questions, render the text.