Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:
Методичні вказівки, Автоматизація, 2-га частина....doc
Скачиваний:
4
Добавлен:
25.04.2019
Размер:
261.12 Кб
Скачать

I Read and remember the words and their translation

1. to adapt – пристосовувати;

2. to reproduce – відтворювати;

3. to emerge – виникати;

4. workforce – робоча сила;

5. milling machine - фрезовий (фрезерний) верстат;

6. silicon oxide – оксид кремнію;

7. semiconducting - напівпровідний;

8. variability - варіативність;

9. available – доступний;

10. discrete - дискретний;

11. visualize – візуалізувати;

12. existing – існуючий.

1. Read and translate the text Engineers apply cad-cam to atomic force microscope. Engineers apply cad-cam to atomic force microscope

In an assist in the quest for ever smaller electronic devices, engineers have adapted a decades-old computer aided design and manufacturing process to reproduce nanosize structures with features on the order of single molecules.

These new automated technique for nanomanufacturing suggests that the emerging nanotechnology industry might capitalize on skills already mastered by today's engineering workforce. These tools allow going from basic, one-time scientific demonstrations of what can be done at the nanoscale to repetitively engineering surface features at the nanoscale. The feat is accomplished by using the traditional computing language of macroscale milling machines to guide an atomic force microscope (AFM). The system reliably produces 3-D, nanometer-scale silicon oxide nanostructures through a process in which oxides are built on semiconducting and metallic surfaces by applying an electric field in the presence of tiny amounts of water. This is the key to moving from basic science to industrial automation. In manufacture, it doesn't matter if it can be done once, the question is whether it can be done 100 million times and what is the variability over those 100 million times. Is it consistent enough that it can actually be put into a process?

Such software is expected to be freely available online. The work is supported by the National Science Foundation. Atomic force microscopes (AFMs), which can both produce images and manipulate individual atoms and molecules, have been the instrument of choice for researchers creating localized, two-dimensional patterns on metals and semiconductors at the nanoscale. Yet those nanopatterning systems have relied on the discrete points of a two-dimensional image for laying out the design.

The researchers showed they could visualize 3-D structures, including a series of squares that differed in size, and a star, in a computerized design environment and then automatically build them at the nanoscale. The structures it produces are measured in nanometers — one billionth of a meter — about 80,000 times smaller than the diameter of a human hair. New techniques suggest that the nanotechnology factories of the future might not operate so differently from existing manufacturing plants.

2. Answer the following questions.

1. What helps engineers to reproduce nanosize structures?

2. What does the new automated technique suggest?

3. What do these tools allow to do?

4. What language is used to guide an atomic force microscope?

5. How are the oxides built on metallic surfaces?

6. What helps to move from basic science to industrial automation?

7. What scientific foundations support the development of such technologies?

8. Will the nanotechnology factories of the future differ from existing plauts?