III. Answer the questions:

1. What are the main categories of pedagogics?

2. What does upbringing deal with?

3. How many purposes of upbringing do you know? Name them.

4. What is teaching?

5. What is education?

6. Do you know other pedagogical sciences?

IV. Match each English word in the left column with its Ukrainian equivalent in the right column:

1. personality a) принципи

2. society b) вміння

3. purpose c) знання

4. skills d) суспільство

5. content e) опрацьовувати

6. principles f) особистість

7. to master g) належати

8. knowledge h) ціль

9. to work out i) оволодівати

10.to belong j) зміст

V. Continue the sentences using the text:

1. The main categories of pedagogics are … .

2. A general purpose of upbringing is … .

3. Education is a process and a result … .

4. To pedagogical sciences belong: … .

5. Teaching is … .

VI. Find a synonym:

category

a) section b) basis c) type d) unit

purpose

a) want b) point of view c) aim d) cost

ability

a) possibility b) chance c) opportunity d) capacity

to belong

a) to go with b) to know c) to be included in d) to look forward

branch

a) knowledge b) subdivision c) part d) way

VII. Mind the following words and word-combinations:

are roughly coordinated – приблизно узгоджені

a conceptual framework – схематична структура

to pursue [pq'sH] – продовжувати

an apprenticeship [q'prentIsSIp] – навчання

VIII. Listen to the text “Classical education” and try to understand it.

IX. Answer the following questions:

1. What main phases does Western classical education have?

2. What does each of these phases include?

X. True/ False statements:

1. Primary education teaches children how to learn.

2. Secondary education teaches grammar.

3. Higher education teaches a student the future profession.

Unit 5

Topic: Upbringing in Primitive Society

I. Read and remember the following words and word-combinations:

inheritance – наслідування

stick to the traditions – дотримуватись традицій

way of behaviour – поведінка

to bring up (brought, brought) – виховувати

separately – окремо

to get acquainted – ознайомитись

matriarchy – матріархат

patriarchy – патріархат

to be charged with – відповідати за

adolescent – підліток

II. Read and translate the following text:

Ethnical descriptions and constant observations of modern primitive tribes give us ideas about the sense and methods of upbringing in primitive society.

The period of a primitive tribe was a final step in the biological process of the human formation. No organized forms of upbringing existed that time. Children got experience of their parents through observation and inheritance. Upbringing ran while working through inheritance, but it was not planned and systematic. Some elements of education appeared in this period. Adults taught children to stick to the traditions and rules of the tribe.

A bit later human tribes united in groups of relatives – clans or kins. People obtained one of the most important things in their development – a language. The main goal of upbringing laid in passing to children labour skills, ways of behaviour, religious conceptions, traditions and customs.

Till 10-12 years boys and girls were brought up together and lived with their mothers. Later, boys-teenagers turned into the state of unmarried young men and young girls were considered as women. Since that time they began to live separately. Boys got acquainted with men’s activities (hunting, fishing, making labour tools); girls helped their mothers to gather plants, keeping the house, looking after children.

The very first institutions of life and upbringing for young generation appeared during the last years of matriarchy. They were organized by a family community. With the development of patriarchy men became leaders of the society. Only the most experienced and respectable people were charged with educating, teaching adolescents.

Folk art, folk legends, myths, songs, fairy tales played one of the most important roles in their education.

As time flew as many new skills and achievements people got. Human knowledge and abilities grew day by day. Children were brought up not only through labour but also through mental activities.

So, upbringing in primitive society has developed from spontaneous and limited to specially organized forms of intellectual preparation.