III. Find English equivalents for:

античний, освіта, справедливість, військова майстерність, тілесне покарання, травмувати, інтелектуальний, гармонічно розвинута особистість, прив’язаний

IV. Complete the sentences using the text:

1. Ancient education had … features.

2. … were laid in the sense of upbringing.

3. Education in Sparta was … .

4. Athens aspired to … .

5. Children were accompanied to school … .

6. The system of education consisted of … .

7. It was not attached to … .

V. Match the English words and word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents:

1. aristocracy a. соціальний клас

2. leadership b. навчальний план

3. corporal punishment c. аристократія

4. military d. естетичний

5. to stand e. лідерство

6. aesthetic f. військовий

7. curriculum g. витримувати

8. social class h. тілесне покарання

VI. Make questions to the following sentences and answer them:

1. Ideals in upbringing were heroes from Greek myths and legends.

2. Pupils had to stand hunger, cold and heat.

3. Boys were taught to express their thoughts laconically.

4. The task of education in Athens was a harmonically developed personality.

5. The system of education in ancient Athens was an example for medieval Europe.

VII. Compare two systems of education.

VIII. Read and translate the text using the dictionary:

education in Athens

In ancient Athens the purpose of education was to produce citizens trained in the arts, to prepare citizens for both peace and war.

Besides, requiring two years of military training that began at age eighteen, the state left parents to educate their sons as they wanted.

Schools were private but the tuition was low enough, so that even the poorest citizens could afford to send their children for at least a few years.

Until age six or seven, boys were taught at home by their mother or by a male slave. Boys attended elementary school from the time they were about seven years old, until they were thirteen or fourteen. Part of their training was gymnastics. The younger boys learned to move gracefully, to do calisthenics and play ball, and other games. The older boys learned running, jumping, boxing, wrestling, discus and javelin throwing. The boys also learned to play the lyre and sing, to count, to read and write. But it was literature that was at the heart of their schooling.

The national epic poems – Homer’s “Odyssey” and “Iliad”– were a vital part of the Athenian people’s life. As soon as their pupils could write, the teachers dictated passages from Homer for them to take down, memorize and later act out. Teachers and pupils also discussed the feats of the Greek heroes described by Homer.

The education of mind, body and aesthetic sense was, according to Plato, so that the boys “may learn to be more gentle, harmonious, rhythmical and so more, fitted for speech and action”.

IX. Make up a plan of the text in the form of questions.

X. Render the text in a written form.

XI. Mind the following words and word-combinations:

a goal – мета

well-drilled – добре підготовлений

obedient [q'bJdIqnt] – слухняний

to endure (to undergo) hardships – виносити тяжкі випробування

rigorous ['rIgqrqs] – суворий

XII. Listen to the text “Spartan education” and try to understand it.

XIII. Answer the following questions:

1. How was the Spartan system of education organised?

2. What was the goal of this system?

XIV. True/ False statements:

1. The goal of Spartan education was to produce an educated person.

2. Boys in Sparta lived in a communal style.

3. At the age of 30 boys were moved up to the next stage of education.

Unit 7

Topic: Pedagogical Culture in the Middle Ages

I. Read and remember the following words:

involvement – занурення

rhetoric – риторика, ораторське мистецтво

dialectics – діалектика, вміння вести полеміку

to appoint – призначати (на посаду)

prayer – молитва

peculiarity – особливість

treatise – трактат, наукова праця

II. Read and translate the following text:

In contrast to Ancient times, when education aimed for a formation of a valuable citizen, in the Middle Ages the stress was made on the full involvement to the Christian values.

Education was greatly influenced by the church; it was fully religious in its sense. Much attention was paid to mathematics, logic, grammar, music, geometry and astronomy.

There was no separation between elementary, secondary and higher schools. The Catholic Church should have approved all curricula. All subjects were divided into two groups: trivium (grammar, rhetoric, dialectics) and quadrium (mathimatics, geometry, music, astronomy). Teachers were also appointed by the church. Pupils learned prayers by heart, read religious books and learned answers to questions, not knowing the idea. Teachers did not take into account psychical peculiarities of a child; they didn’t have any elementary skills in methodology. Corporal punishment was widely used in the teaching process.

Appearance of higher schools and universities allowed getting more systematic and thorough knowledge. Till 15th century there were 60 universities in Europe and then the number of universities increased. There were 4 faculties: artistic, juridical, medical and theological. Main methods of studies in universities were lectures and disputes. Students did a lot of exercises and wrote written works – treatise. Books were made of paper, so they became cheaper and more available.

Each social class tried to give their children education according to their social level.