Name
Section
3.6 Phonological Rules 6: Japanese
Examine the following data from Japanese and answer the questions.
|
Japanese form |
English gloss |
1. |
aketa |
"opened" |
2. |
akerareta |
"was opened" |
3. |
akesaseta |
"caused to open" |
4. |
akesaserareta |
"was caused to open" |
5. |
tabeta |
"ate" |
6. |
taberareta |
"was eaten" |
7. |
tabesaseta |
"caused to eat" |
8. |
tabesaserareta |
"was caused to eat" |
9. |
yonda |
"read" (past) |
10. yomareta |
"was read" |
|
l l. yomaseta |
"caused to read" |
|
12. |
yomaserareta |
"was caused to read" |
13. |
tonda |
"flew" |
14. |
tobareta |
"was flown" |
15. |
tobaseta |
"caused to fly" |
16. tobaserareta |
"was caused to fly" |
|
17. ataeta |
"awarded" |
|
18. ataerareta |
"was awarded" |
|
19. ataesaseta |
"caused to award" |
|
20. |
ataesaserareta |
"was caused to award" |
21. |
eranda |
"chose" |
22. |
erabareta |
"was chosen" |
23. |
erabaseta |
"caused to choose" |
24. |
erabaserareta |
"was caused to choose" |
Questions
A.What are the Japanese morphemes that correspond to each of the following words in English?
Japanese form |
English gloss |
6 6 open"
"eat"
''read"
"fly"
"award"
"choose"
B.1. The past tense suffix appears in two forms. What are they?
2.Write an informal phonological rule that changes one form of the suffix into the other. Use the correct distinctive feature(s) in stating the rule (see appendix 2). (Hint: Assume ta is basic.)
C. l. The causative suffix appears in two forms. What are they?
2.What conditions determine which form of the suffix occurs?
D.1. The passive suffix appears in two forms. What are they?
2.What conditions determine which form of the suffix occurs?
3.Write a phonological rule that relates the two forms of the suffix. Use the correct distinctive feature(s) in stating the rule (see appendix 2).
E.Is there any similarity between the causative and passive affixes? (Examine your responses to questions C-2 and D-2.)
F.Is there any similarity between the continuative/progressive -te form of the verb analyzed in exercise 3.5 and the past tense form?
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Name
Section
3.7 Special Topic I : Assigning Syllables and Feet to English Words
Question
Associate the words in A-H with syllables and metrical feet. Be sure to make use of the Maximal Onset Principle for all word-internal consonant clusters. (For a discussion of syllables and feet, see Linguistics, pp. 126140.)
Word A has been supplied with syllables and feet, as a model.
O R O R O R
|
s 1 3 a |
A. monologue |
B. seizure |
t |
3 |
~ |
i |
n |
t |
t 3 ~ m c n t |
C. torrent |
|
|
|
|
D. torment |
|
~ 1 I v e 1 t |
~ |
i |
f |
p |
b |
i |
j |
E. elevate |
F. refurbish |
|
|
|
|
|
|
f z n t z s t i k G. fantastic
H. Rumpelstiltskin
B. gymnastics |
C. hiatus |
D. present (verb) |
E. present (noun) |
F. canoe |
G. exacerbate |
H. predatory
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