Английский язык учебник

the For + Noun/Pronoun + Infinitive Construction in them.

1. The result is valid enough for psychologists to take it as a basis for their investigations. 2. Insights are not absolutely essential for successful therapy to occur. 3. Lebanese immigrant mothers set a later age for their children to exhibit independence from their mothers. 4. In our culture, family, friends and peers make it easier for the alcoholic to drink to intoxication by denying, that the drinking behavior is abnormal. 5. It’s very important for children’s normal development to spend more time with their peers. 6. Under the cir cumstances I think it’s best for you to give up the job. 7. I find it necessary for you to refer to some other in vestigations while describing insight.

Unit II

CREATIVITY

APPROACHING THE TOPIC

Discuss the following questions.

1.What does the term ‘creativity’ imply?

2.What are attributes of creative people?

3.In what way does creativity change with age?

4.Is it possible to measure creativity?

5.What are unsolved problems concerning creativity?

VOCABULARY

1.ambiguous, a – неясный, двусмысленный

ambiguity, ambiguousness, n – неясность, двусмысленность, неопределенность

2.amount, n – количество

amount, v (to) – 1. доходить (до), составлять, равняться (чему л.); 2. быть равносильным, равнозначным чему л.; to ~ to a threat быть равносильным угрозе

3.assess, v – оценивать assessment, n – оценка

4.assume, v – 1. предполагать, допускать; 2. принимать, брать на себя; to ~ responsibility взять на себя ответ ственность

assumption, n – 1. предположение, допущение; 2. принятие на себя (ответственности, обязанности)

5.bizarre, a – странный, эксцентричный

6.concern, n – 1. отношение, касательство; 2. беспокойство, забота, тревога; 3. важность; a matter of great ~ дело боль шой важности

сoncern, v – 1. касаться, иметь отношение; 2. беспокоиться, заботиться to be ~ed (about); 3. интересоваться, заниматься to ~ oneself (with)

7. confuse, v – 1. смущать, приводить в замешательство;

2. смешивать, спутывать

confusion, n – 1. смущение, замешательство; 2. путаница, неразбериха

8.contrive, v – 1. изобретать, придумывать; 2. замышлять, за тевать

9.create, v – создавать, творить

сreative, a – креативный, творческий, созидательный сreativity, n – креативность, творческие способности

10.disturb, v – 1. волновать, тревожить, беспокоить, выводить из душевного равновесия; 2. мешать, нарушать disturbance, n – 1. расстройство, патологическое отклоне ние; 2. волнение, беспокойство

11.enterprise, n – предприимчивость, (смелая) инициатива

12.evaluate, v – 1. оценивать; 2. вычислять, выражать чис ленно

evaluation, n – 1. оценка, оценивание, определение; 2. вы числение

13.evolve, v – развивать(ся)

14.flash, n – вспышка

15.forerunner, n – предвестник; предшественник

16.gauge, v – 1. измерять, проверять (размер); 2. оценивать (человека, процесс и т.п.)

17.germ, n – зародыш; перен. зачаток, зарождение

18.giftedness, n – одаренность

19.inspiration, n – 1. вдохновение, душевный подъем; 2. сти мулирование, побуждение, воздействие; 3. вдыхание, вдох inspire, v – 1. вдохновлять, воодушевлять; 2. вдыхать, ды шать

20.inventiveness, n – изобретательность inventive, a – изобретательный

21.involve, v – включать, вовлекать; to be ~ed (in) быть втяну тым, участвовать (в чем л.)

involvement, n – включенность, участие

22.novel, a – новый

novelty, n – новизна, новшество

23.obsess, v – завладеть умом, преследовать, мучить (об идее, страхе и т.п.)

obsession, n – 1. навязчивая идея; 2. одержимость; на важдение

24.particular, a – 1. особый, особенный; 2. индивидуальный, частный, отдельный; 3. тщательный, аккуратный

25.result, v – 1. (in) иметь своим результатом, привести (к чему л.); 2. (from) следовать, происходить в результате (чего л.)

26.single minded, a – 1. целеустремленный; 2. прямодушный, прямой

27.tolerance, n – 1. терпимость; 2. толерантность, переноси мость, устойчивость

tolerant, a – 1. толерантный, устойчивый, выносливый; 2. терпимый

28.venturesomeness, n – рисковость, способность рисковать

29.veracity, n – достоверность, точность

30.verification, n – 1. проверка, контроль; 2. верификация, подтверждение истинности

verify, v – 1. проверять, контролировать; 2. подтверждать; устанавливать истинность, подлинность (чего л.)

DEVELOPING VOCABULARY

Exercise 1. Translate the following word combina tions into Russian paying attention to your active vocabulary.

ambiguous results (answer, smile, words, style); to ex press oneself with ambiguity, no shadow of ambiguity, deliberate ambiguity, to use ambiguities; to assess one’s judgement (point of view, humor, abilities); as sessment of one’s opinion (contribution made by a sci entist, a book); to assume measures (duties, the com mand); Let’s assume that it is true (that the average capacity for transfer will change); assumption of risk (responsibilities, leadership); We proceed from the as sumption that…; bizarre behavior (person, reaction, style); I have no concern with the matter; It’s no con cern of mine; to feel concern about the future; to cause concern about the future; to show concern for autistic children; The article concerns the problem of insight; As far as I am concerned…; It concerns all of us; I am concerned about her health; to confuse a student by dif ficult questions (classical with operant conditioning, scores of two tests); to put smb. to confusion, confu sion of thoughts (ideas, sounds); to be in the state of utter confusion; to contrive means (ways) to escape

danger (to investigate the interplay of all the factors); He contrived to get the highest scores on the test (to complete the test ahead of time, to expose her secret); to create a theory (a new technique, difficulties, illu sions, some mood, a painful feeling); His behavior cre ated a bad impression; creative work (abilities, power, personality); to disturb the balance (one’s plans, the train of thought, one’s work); Don’t disturb him (your self); disturbance of mind (speech, respiration); to cre ate disturbance; coordination disturbance; man of en terprise, spirit of enterprise; The plan has been materi alized through his enterprise; to evaluate results (a subject’s performance, general ability); evaluation of students’ papers (one’s capacity for transfer, all the circumstances contributing to success); to evolve one’s skills (abilities, gift, talent); to evolve into an invalid (a bizarre person); a flash of hope (understanding, merri ment, wit, light); the forerunner of serious changes (mental disturbance, confusion); to gauge the length of smth. (one’s strength, ability, character); germ, the germ of life (of an idea); talent and giftedness, to eval uate one’s giftedness, creativity and giftedness; the amount of giftedness; to confuse giftedness with en terprise; to get inspiration from smth., to do smth. by inspiration; He had a sudden inspiration; My friend is a constant inspiration for me; to inspire hope (fear, concern, some thought) into smb.; to inspire smb. with desire to work (with the germ of hope); an inventive mind (genius, power); inventiveness in play (designing new techniques, overcoming difficulties); to involve smb. in trouble (a crime, an ambiguous enterprise); to be involved in work (social life, exposing ambiguity); It involves trouble; involvement in collective work (oc cupational guidance, working out some puzzle); novel forms (suggestion, methods of investigation, idea); to lose novelty; the charm of novelty; The novelty soon wears off; The idea (fear, terror) obsessed him; to be ob sessed by desire (thoughts, hunger, thirst); obsession with sport (alcohol, drugs); a particular case (subject,

friend, way of doing smth.); particular advantages; to be particular in one’s speech (behavior, actions); Lack of knowledge resulted in ambiguousness; His endow ment with different talents resulted in his growing popularity among his peers; Nothing resulted from my efforts; The confusion resulted from our misunder standing each other; tolerance to high temperature (sensory deprivation, fatigue, hardships); tolerant pa rents (attitude); to be tolerant of/to/towards smb.’s views (opinions, novel ideas); venturesomeness of one’s enterprise (initiative, some novel scheme, some feat); a man of perfect veracity, a veracity of soul, a veracity wit ness; to verify a statement (results, figures, details); veri fication of results (some chart, some assessment).

Exercise 2. Translate the following word combina tions from Russian into English using your active vocabulary.

Двусмысленные слова; выражаться двусмыcленно [неясно]; дать недвусмысленный ответ; глаза неопре деленного цвета Предпринимать меры; присвоить себе право; предпо

ложим, что…; принятие на себя риска; притворная

любовь Не иметь касательства [отношения] к; вызывать бес

покойство [тревогу, озабоченность]; это тебя не каса ется; все были взволнованы известием; интересоваться [заниматься] психологией; занятый

научными исследованиями; отнoсительно меня Cмутить клиента вопросом; спутать результаты;

запутывать [усложнять] дело; сбивчивое объясне ние; привести кого л. в замешательство; оставить бумаги в беспорядке Придумать средство избежать опасность; ухитрить

ся ответить на все вопросы теста; умудриться придти во время; придумать новый план Извините за беспокойство; нарушить общественное

спокойствие; мешать чьей л. работе; вызвать беспо рядки; расстройство речи; дефективный ребенок

Оценка [анализ] теста; оценивать достижения в учебе; взвесить аргументы ‘за’ и ‘против’; оценочный аспект Развивать умственные способности; создавать [вырабатывать] основы нового подхода; развивать ся [превращаться] в настоящего ученого; выявлять

новые таланты Измерить диаметр; выбрать подходящий момент;

оценить чей л. характер; оценить чьи л. способности; показатель общественного мнения Черпать вдохновение в работе; по вдохновению;

вселить надежду в кого л.; вдохновить кого л. на новые исследования; вдохнуть воздух

Быть занятым [увлеченным] работой; затрагивать

чьи л. права; это чревато неприятностями; втянуть кого л. в преступную деятельность; участие в исследовании; нервное поражение [заболевание]

Одержимость спортом; это стало у него навязчивой и деей; мысли о прошлом преследовали [мучили] его; навязчивый невроз Особый случай; исключительные преимущества;

быть разборчивым в еде; каждый отдельный пункт опросника; в особенности; не особенно трудная зада ча; рассмотреть факты более детально; в общем и в

частности

Я его не выношу; терпеть чье л. присутствие; не до пускать вмешательства в свои дела; терпимое отно шение к людям; проявлять терпимость; способ ность переносить усталость

Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to your active vocabulary.

1. We find classroom practices increasingly involv ing such highly technical methods as “creative writ ing”, “imaginative” work in art or drama or “discovery

methods”. 2. There is no doubt, that there are aspects of personality, motivation and will which are involved in creativeness. 3. The assumption, that divergent thinking scores correlate with future originality has yet to be established. 4. Scoring the tests requires more subjective evaluation than does the scoring of stan dardized tests of intelligence. 5. The greatest cause of our alienation from our real selves is our neurotic in volvements with other people. 6. In this way, we can see much more clearly that trust involves self confidence, courage and a lack of fear of the world. 7. Everyone agrees that in the inspirational phase of creativeness some degree of noninterference is necessary. 8. We must teach engineers to be creative, at least in the sense of being able to confront novelty and to improvize. Engi neers must not be afraid of change but rather be able to be comfortable with change and novelty, and if possible even be able to enjoy novelty and change. 9. I am very certain that many, many people have woken up in the middle of the night with a flash of inspiration about some novel idea they would like to write. 10. Among the best subjects to study for this inspirational phase of creativeness are children, whose inventiveness and creativeness very frequently cannot be defined in terms of product. 11. At the same time, a group of proposals concerning the perfection of methods for measuring atti tude were being investigated, primarily through vari ous scales. 12. So far, we have considered evaluations of women’s and men’s performance. 13. Research has found that men’s success is more often seen as result ing from ability. 14. As experts in a particular kind of relationship, i.e. psychotherapy, mental health profes sionals are exploring the possibility that cyberspace may serve as a useful media for working with their cli ents. 15. The first three or four years of life are a peri od when the infant’s brain grows to about two thirds of its full size, and evolves in complexity at a greater rate than it ever will again. 16. All the evidence that we

have indicates that it is reasonable to assume in practi cally every human being that there is an active will to ward health, an impulse toward growth, or toward the actualization of human potentialities. 17. The pre school child shows little concern for, or awareness, of rules. 18. In the original Piaget stories, children were always required to judge whether a child who causes a small amount of damage in the service of bad inten tions was any “worse” than one who caused a large amount in the pursuit of good intentions. 19. There is general support for the assumption that children pro ceed through these stages of moral judgement in a fixed and invariant fashion. 20. Over the period in which these subjects have been assessed for moral judgement, Americans have experienced the civil rights struggle, student protests, the Vietnam War, Watergate, and the women’s movement. 21. In con trast to psychoanalytic theorists, the cognitive theo rists have not been as concerned with the effects of pa rental influences on moral development. 22. Although there has been a great amount of research done on anti social behavior, it has been only within the past decade that psychologists have become involved in the study of more positive, altruistic aspects of social behavior, such as cooperation and helping.

50 Unit II

single minded 4. Он такой целеустремленный чело

The word creativity is amongst the most confused and misused concepts in the study of human behavior. Both American and British psychologists have been known to use it synonymously with ‘imagination’, ‘originality’, ‘divergent thinking’, ‘inventiveness’, ‘intuition’, ‘venturesomeness’, ‘exploration’, ‘gifted ness’ and so on. The truth is we know very little about what makes a creative person and even less about the