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1. What is e-mail?

2. What components does an e-mail message consist of?

3. What information does the message header contain?

4. Who designed internet based e-mail system?

5. When did it happen?

6. How was the first e-mail sent?

7. What was the first e-mail standard?

8. What happened with e-mail standards in 2004?

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Telex – the precursor to fax and e-mail

Nowadays, it is a simple matter to communicate instantly and in writing with the rest of the world. But before faxes, e-mails as instant messaging, the telex was the only way of doing this. But using a telex machine requires knowledge, patience and a whole lot of a manual dexterity.

Differences between Telex & Telegrams

The Telex is a system or a service of interconnected machines that were designed to automate the telegraphic process. People may see it as a primitive precursor to e-mail and the Internet. The telegram, on the other hand, is any message that has been transmitted through the use of telegraphy. The telegram is most commonly associated with a piece of paper with a brief message that contained essential information for the recipient. A telegram was transmitted via a number of telegraphic methods including Morse code machines. The transmission of a telegram from sender to recipient was made faster through the Telex system and its machines.

Compared to the telegram, which is an older concept that existed prior to the 1900s, the Telex is a more recent invention. Its history goes back to the 19^th century. While a professor of arts and design at New York University in 1835, Samuel Morse (1791-1878) proved that signals could be transmitted by wire. It was he that successfully exploited and bettered Joseph Henry’s invention. Morse made sketches of a “magnetized magnet” based on Henry’s work. He invented a telegraph system that was a practical and commercial success.

The original Morse telegraph printed code on tape. A trained Morse operator could transmit 40 to 50 words per minute. Automatic transmission, introduced in 1914, handled more than twice that number. Canadian, Frederick Creed invented a way to convert Morse code to text in 1900 called the Creed Telegraph System.

The Telex was developed and implemented in the 1930s in Europe, the most notable example of which was when the British postal service opened its first Telex service in 1932.Almost parallel to the development of Telex in Europe was the effort by Bell Labs in the USA, called TWX.

In 1913 Western Union (1851) developed multiplexing, which it made possible to transmit eight messages simultaneously over a single wire (four in each direction). Teleprinter machines came into use about 1925. Varioplex, introduced in 1936, enabled a single wire to carry 72 transmissions at the same time (36 in each direction). In 1956 Western Union inaugurated Telex, which enables subscribers to the Teleprinter service to dial each other directly.

In principle, a telex machine is a typewriter connected to a telex network that closely resembles a telephone system. Via this network, it is possible to send text messages to other telex machines. It is an excellent solution when you have to send a written request rapidly to some far-off part of the globe – and receive confirmation back from the other end. To operate a telex machine, you type in your text and a machine then produces a string of holes on sturdy paper. This is the telex representation of your message. Every letter and character has its own unique pattern on the strip of paper. Once the telex strips are ready, a call is placed to a receiver and the strips are fed into the machine. The text is then sent via the telex network and arrives at the other end in the legible script.

The concept behind the Telex was a system that automated the process of telegraphy, made it faster and made it more cost effective.

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Предшественник, знания, последнее изобретение, иметь практический и коммерческий успех, мгновенное сообщение, изобрести, ввести в действие (эксплуатацию), краткое послание, передавать, полоска бумаги, экономически эффективный, ловкость рук.

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1. But using a telex machine requires knowledge,	a. your text and a machine then produces a string of holes on sturdy paper.
2. The Telex is a system or a service of	b. via a number of telegraphic methods including Morse code machines.
3. He invented a telegraph system that was	c. patience and a whole lot of a manual dexterity.
4. The telegram, on the other hand, is	d. interconnected machines that were designed to automate the telegraphic process.
5. A telegram was transmitted	e. a practical and commercial success.
6. To operate a telex machine, you type in	f. any message that has been transmitted through the use of telegraphy.