ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥ. 2
Ƚɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ ɤɚɥɢɹ (ȿɞɤɨɟ ɤɚɥɢ)
ɉɥɨɬ- |
Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ |
Ɇɨɥɹɪ- |
ɉɥɨɬ- |
Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ |
Ɇɨɥɹɪ- |
ɧɨɫɬɶ, |
ɞɨɥɹ, % |
ɧɨɫɬɶ, |
ɧɨɫɬɶ, |
ɞɨɥɹ, % |
ɧɨɫɬɶ, |
ɤɝ/ɦ3 |
ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ |
ɤɝ/ɦ3 |
ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ |
1,000 |
0,20 |
0,035 |
1,330 |
33,97 |
8,05 |
1,005 |
0,74 |
0,133 |
1,400 |
40,37 |
10,07 |
1,050 |
5,66 |
1,06 |
1,450 |
44,79 |
11,58 |
1,080 |
8,89 |
1,71 |
1,500 |
49,10 |
13,13 |
1,095 |
10,49 |
2,05 |
1,510 |
49,95 |
13,45 |
1,110 |
12,08 |
2,39 |
1,520 |
50,80 |
13,76 |
1,200 |
21,38 |
4,57 |
1,530 |
51,64 |
14,08 |
1,290 |
30,21 |
6,95 |
1,535 |
52,05 |
14,24 |
|
Ƚɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ (ȿɞɤɢɣ ɧɚɬɪ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɉɥɨɬ- |
Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ |
Ɇɨɥɹɪ- |
ɉɥɨɬ- |
Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ |
Ɇɨɥɹɪ- |
ɧɨɫɬɶ, |
ɞɨɥɹ, % |
ɧɨɫɬɶ, |
ɧɨɫɬɶ, |
ɞɨɥɹ, % |
ɧɨɫɬɶ, |
ɤɝ/ɦ3 |
ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ |
ɤɝ/ɦ3 |
ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ |
1,000 |
0,159 |
0,040 |
1,330 |
30,20 |
10,04 |
1,005 |
0,602 |
0,151 |
1,400 |
36,99 |
12,95 |
1,050 |
4,655 |
1,222 |
1,450 |
42,07 |
15,25 |
1,080 |
7,38 |
1,992 |
1,500 |
47,33 |
17,75 |
1,095 |
8,74 |
2,391 |
1,510 |
48,38 |
18,26 |
1,110 |
10,10 |
2,802 |
1,520 |
49,44 |
18,78 |
1,200 |
18,26 |
5,476 |
1,530 |
50,50 |
19,31 |
1,290 |
26,48 |
8,539 |
|
|
|
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4
ɄɈɇɋɌȺɇɌɕ ɂɈɇɂɁȺɐɂɂ ɈɋɇɈȼȺɇɂɃ (ɄɈɇɋɌȺɇɌɕ ɈɋɇɈȼɇɈɋɌɂ)
ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ |
|
Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ |
Ʉb |
|
ɪɄb=-lgɄb |
|
Ɉɞɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɟ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ⱥɦɦɢɚɤ |
|
NH3·H2O |
1,76·10-5 |
4,76 |
Ʌɢɬɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ |
|
LiɈH |
6,8·10-1 |
0,17 |
Ⱥɧɢɥɢɧ |
|
C6H5NH2 |
3,31·10-10 |
9,48 |
Ȼɭɬɢɥɚɦɢɧ |
ɋɇ3(ɋɇ2)2ɋɇ2NH2 + H2Ɉ |
6,0·10-4 |
3,22 |
Ⱦɢɦɟɬɢɥɚɦɢɧ |
|
(CH3)2NH |
7,24·10-4 |
3,14 |
Ⱦɢɦɟɬɢɥɚɧɢɥɢɧ |
C6H5N(CH3)2 |
2,4·10-10 |
9,62 |
Ⱦɢɷɬɢɥɚɦɢɧ |
|
(C2H5)2NH |
9,55·10-4 |
3,02 |
Ɇɟɬɢɥɚɦɢɧ |
|
CH3NH2 |
5,37·10-4 |
3,27 |
ɉɢɪɢɞɢɧ |
|
C5H5N |
1,51·10-9 |
8,82 |
Ɍɪɢɷɬɢɥɚɦɢɧ |
(ɋ2ɇ5)3N +H2Ɉ |
1,0·10-3 |
2,99 |
ɏɢɧɨɥɢɧ |
|
C9H7N |
8,71·10-10 |
9,06 |
ɗɬɢɥɚɦɢɧ |
|
C2H5NH2 |
4,68·10-4 |
3,33 |
ɗɬɢɥɚɧɢɥɢɧ |
C6H5NHC2H5 |
4,0·10-10 |
9,40 |
|
Ⱦɜɭɯɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɵɟ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ȼɚɪɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ |
|
Ba(OH)2 |
|
2,29·10-1 |
|
|
Ʉ2 |
|
|
|
|
0,64 |
Ʉɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ |
|
Ca(OH)2 |
|
4,27·10-2 |
|
|
Ʉ2 |
|
|
|
|
1,37 |
ɋɜɢɧɰɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ |
|
Pb(OH)2 |
|
8,71·10-4 |
|
|
Ʉ1 |
|
|
|
|
3,06 |
Ʉ2 |
|
|
|
1,51·10-8 |
|
7,82 |
ɐɢɧɤɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞ |
|
Zn(OH)2 |
|
1,5·10-9 |
|
|
Ʉ2 |
|
|
|
|
8,82 |
Ƚɢɞɪɚɡɢɧ |
|
N2H4 |
|
9,33·10-7 |
|
|
Ʉ1 |
|
|
|
|
6,03 |
Ʉ2 |
|
|
|
1,86·10-14 |
|
13,73 |
Ƚɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɚɦɢɧ |
|
NH2OH |
|
9,33·10-9 |
|
8,03 |
ɉɢɪɚɡɢɧ |
N =ɋɇɋɇ=Nɋɇ=ɋɇ+ H2Ɉ |
|
4,5·10-14 |
|
13,35 |
ɉɭɪɢɧ |
N |
NH |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,45·10-12 |
|
11,61 |
|
|
+ H2O |
|
|
|
N |
N |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ɍɢɨɦɨɱɟɜɢɧɚ |
CS(NH2)2 + H2O |
|
1,1·10-12 |
|
11,97 |
Ɏɟɧɢɥɝɢɞɪɚɡɢɧ |
C6ɇ5NHNH2 + H2O |
|
1,6·10-9 |
|
8,80 |
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 5
ȻɍɎȿɊɇɕȿ ɋɆȿɋɂ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ
100 ɦɥ ɫɦɟɫɢ H3PO4, CH3COOɇ, H3BO3
(ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ 0,04Ɇ) + ɚ ɦɥ 0,2Ɇ NaOH
ɚ |
ɪɇ |
ɚ |
ɪɇ |
|
|
|
|
0 |
1,81 |
50,0 |
6,80 |
2,5 |
1,89 |
52,5 |
7,00 |
5,0 |
1,98 |
55,0 |
7,24 |
7,5 |
2,09 |
57,5 |
7,54 |
10,0 |
2,21 |
60,0 |
7,96 |
12,5 |
2,36 |
62,5 |
8,36 |
15,0 |
2,56 |
65,0 |
8,69 |
17,5 |
2,87 |
67,5 |
8,95 |
20,0 |
3,29 |
70,0 |
9,15 |
22,5 |
3,78 |
72,5 |
9,37 |
25,0 |
4,10 |
75,0 |
9,62 |
27,5 |
4,35 |
77,5 |
9,91 |
30,0 |
4,56 |
80,0 |
10,38 |
32,5 |
4,78 |
82,5 |
10,88 |
35,0 |
5,02 |
85,0 |
11,20 |
37,5 |
5,33 |
87,5 |
11,40 |
40,0 |
5,72 |
90,0 |
11,58 |
42,5 |
6,09 |
92,5 |
11,70 |
45,0 |
6,37 |
95,0 |
11,82 |
47,5 |
6,59 |
100,0 |
11,98 |
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥ. 5
ɍɤɫɭɫɧɨ-ɚɰɟɬɚɬɧɚɹ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɇ ɨɬɦɟɪɹɸɬ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ 1 Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɩɪɢɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ 50,0 ɦɥ 1 Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɟɞɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɬɪɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɞɢɫɬɢɥɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɞɨ 500 ɦɥ
|
ɍɤɫɭɫɧɚɹ |
|
ɍɤɫɭɫɧɚɹ |
|
ɍɤɫɭɫɧɚɹ |
ɪɇ |
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ, |
ɪɇ |
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ, |
ɪɇ |
ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ, |
|
1 Ɇ, ɦɥ |
|
1 Ɇ, ɦɥ |
|
1 Ɇ, ɦɥ |
3,8 |
421,5 |
4,67 |
100,0 |
5,5 |
57,4 |
3,9 |
345,1 |
4,7 |
96,8 |
5,6 |
55,9 |
4,0 |
284,4 |
4,8 |
87,2 |
5,7 |
54,7 |
4,1 |
236,2 |
4,9 |
79,5 |
5,8 |
53,7 |
4,2 |
197,9 |
5,0 |
73,4 |
5,9 |
53,0 |
4,3 |
167,4 |
5,1 |
68,6 |
6,0 |
52,3 |
4,4 |
143,3 |
5,2 |
64,8 |
6,1 |
51,9 |
4,5 |
124,1 |
5,3 |
61,7 |
6,2 |
51,5 |
4,6 |
108,9 |
5,4 |
59,3 |
6,3 |
51,2 |
Ȼɭɮɟɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɵ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
|
ȼɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ |
ɪɇ |
|
|
|
0,05 |
Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɬɟɬɪɚɨɤɫɚɥɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɚɬɚ |
|
(KH3C4O8·2H2O; Ɇ.ɦ. 254,19) |
1,679 (25°ɋ) |
ɇɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɝɢɞɪɨɬɚɪɬɪɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ (§0,025 Ɇ) |
|
(KHC4ɇ4O6; Ɇ.ɦ. 188,178) |
3,567 (25°ɋ) |
0,05 |
Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɞɢɝɢɞɪɨɰɢɬɪɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ |
|
(C4ɇ12N2HPO4·H2O; Ɇ.ɦ. 202,147) |
3,776 (25°ɋ) |
0,05 |
Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɝɢɞɪɨɮɬɚɥɚɬɚ ɤɚɥɢɹ |
|
(ɄɇC8ɇ4O4; Ɇ.ɦ. 204,22) |
4,008 (25°ɋ) |
ɇɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɩɢɩɟɪɚɡɢɧɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ* (§0,065 Ɇ) |
6,36 (16°ɋ); |
(KHC4ɇ4O6; Ɇ.ɦ. 188,178) |
6,34 (18°ɋ) |
0,05 |
Ɇ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɬɟɬɪɚɛɨɪɚɬɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ |
9,18 (25°ɋ); |
(Nɚ2ȼ4O7·10H2O; Ɇ.ɦ. 381,37) |
9,07 (38°ɋ) |
* ɉɢɩɟɪɚɡɢɧɮɨɫɮɚɬ ɝɨɬɨɜɹɬ ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɷɤɜɢɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜ ɩɢɩɟɪɚɡɢɧɚ ɢ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɛɟɥɵɯ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɱɚɬɵɯ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ.
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥ. 5
Ɏɨɫɮɚɬɧɚɹ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɚɹ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɫɦɟɫɶ ɚ ɦɥ 1/15Ɇ Na2HPO4 ɢ
(100 – ɚ) ɦɥ 1/15Ɇ KH2PO4
ɪɇ |
ɚ |
ɪɇ |
ɚ |
|
|
|
|
4,80 |
0,35 |
6,45 |
28.70 |
4,85 |
0,45 |
6,50 |
31,30 |
4,90 |
0,60 |
6,55 |
34,10 |
4,95 |
0,75 |
6,60 |
37,10 |
5,00 |
0,95 |
6,65 |
40,00 |
5,05 |
1,15 |
6,70 |
43,00 |
5,10 |
1,35 |
6,75 |
46,00 |
5,15 |
1,55 |
6,80 |
49,20 |
5,20 |
1,80 |
6,85 |
52,20 |
5,25 |
2,05 |
6,90 |
55,20 |
5,30 |
2,30 |
6,95 |
58,20 |
5,35 |
2,65 |
7,00 |
61,20 |
5,40 |
3,00 |
7,05 |
64,20 |
5,45 |
3,45 |
7,10 |
67,00 |
5,50 |
3,90 |
7,15 |
69,80 |
5,55 |
4,35 |
7,20 |
72,60 |
5,60 |
4,90 |
7,25 |
75,40 |
5,65 |
5,50 |
7,30 |
77,70 |
5,70 |
6,20 |
7,35 |
79,90 |
5,75 |
7,00 |
7,40 |
81,80 |
5,80 |
7,90 |
7,45 |
83,50 |
5,85 |
8,80 |
7,50 |
85,20 |
5,90 |
9,80 |
7,55 |
86,90 |
5,95 |
10,80 |
7,60 |
88,50 |
6,00 |
12,10 |
7,65 |
89,90 |
6,05 |
13,50 |
7,70 |
91,20 |
6.10 |
15,00 |
7,75 |
92,40 |
6,15 |
16,70 |
7,80 |
93,60 |
6,20 |
18,40 |
7,85 |
94,60 |
6,25 |
20,10 |
7,90 |
95,50 |
6,30 |
22,10 |
7,95 |
96,20 |
6,35 |
24,20 |
8,00 |
96,90 |
6,40 |
26,40 |
|
|
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 6
ɌȿɊɆɈȾɂɇȺɆɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ (ɉɊɌ) ɂ ɄɈɇɐȿɇɌɊȺɐɂɈɇɇɕȿ (ɉɊɄ) ɉɊɈɂɁȼȿȾȿɇɂə ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɂɆɈɋɌɂ, ɊȺɋɌȼɈɊɂɆɈɋɌɖ (S)
ɇȿɄɈɌɈɊɕɏ ɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɅɂɌɈȼ
Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ |
|
ɉɊɌ |
ɉɊɄ |
SM, ɦɨɥɶ/ɥ |
Sɝ/100 ɦɥ |
Ⱥɪɫɟɧɚɬɵ |
|
|
|
|
|
Ag3AsO4 |
|
|
1,12·10-20 |
3,59·10-6 |
1,66·10-4 |
AlAsO4 |
|
1,6·10-16 |
1,6·10-16 |
1,27·10-8 |
2,10·10-7 |
Ba3(AsO4)2 |
|
|
7,76·10-51 |
3,73·10-11 |
2,57·10-9 |
BiAsO4 |
|
|
4,37·10-10 |
2,09·10-5 |
7,27·10-4 |
Ca3(AsO4)2 |
|
|
6,76·10-19 |
9,11·10-5 |
3,62·10-3 |
Co3(AsO4)2 |
|
|
7,6·10-29 |
2,34·10-6 |
1,06·10-4 |
CrAsO4 |
|
7,8·10-21 |
7,8·10-21 |
8,33·10-11 |
1,69·10-9 |
Cu3(AsO4)2 |
|
7,6·10-36 |
7,6·10-36 |
9,32·10-8 |
4,37·10-6 |
FeAsO4 |
|
5,8·10-21 |
5,8·10-21 |
7,61·10-11 |
1,48·10-9 |
Mg3(AsO4)2 |
|
|
2,09·10-20 |
4,54·10-5 |
1,59·10-3 |
Mn3(AsO4)2 |
|
1,9·10-29 |
1,9·10-29 |
7,07·10-7 |
3,13·10-5 |
Ni3(AsO4)2 |
|
3,1·10-26 |
3,1·10-26 |
3,10·10-6 |
1,41·10-4 |
Pb3(AsO4)2 |
|
4,1·10-36 |
4,1·10-36 |
3,28·10-8 |
2,95·10-6 |
Sr3(AsO4)2 |
|
|
1,62·10-18 |
1,09·10-4 |
5,87·10-3 |
Zn3(AsO4)2 |
|
1,07·10-27 |
1,07·10-27 |
1,58·10-6 |
7,50·10-4 |
Ⱥɪɫɟɧɢɬɵ |
|
|
|
|
|
Ag3AsO3 |
|
1,0·10-17 |
1,22·10-17 |
2,60·10-5 |
5,99·10-4 |
Ȼɪɨɦɢɞɵ |
|
|
|
|
|
AgBr* |
|
4,90·10-13 |
4,90·10-13 |
7,12·10-7 |
1,34·10-5 |
CuBr |
|
5,25·10-9 |
5,25·10-9 |
7,24·10-5 |
1,04·10-3 |
Hg2Br2 |
|
5,75·10-23 |
5,75·10-23 |
1,38·10-6 |
7,73·10-5 |
PbBr2 |
|
9,12·10-6 |
2,76·10-5 |
2,73·10-2 |
1,00 |
Ƚɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɵ (ɝɢɞɪɨɨɤɢɫɢ |
) |
|
|
|
|
AgOH* |
|
1,60·10-8 |
1,63·10-8 |
1,61·10-4 |
2,01·10-3 |
Al(OH)3 |
|
1,10·10-33 |
1,10·10-33 |
2,52·10-9 |
1,97·10-8 |
Bi(OH)3 |
|
4,27·10-31 |
4,27·10-31 |
1,12·10-8 |
2,92·10-7 |
Ca(OH)2 |
|
5,49·10-6 |
7,96·10-6 |
1,26·10-2 |
9,32·10-2 |
Cd(OH)2* ɧɟɚɤɬ. ɮɨɪɦɚ |
|
3,98·10-15 |
3,98·10-15 |
1,07·10-5 |
1,57·10-4 |
ɋe(OH)3 |
|
6,32·10-22 |
6,32·10-22 |
2,21·10-6 |
4,20·10-5 |
Co(OH)2, ɝɨɥɭɛ. |
|
6,31·10-15 |
6,31·10-15 |
1,16·10-5 |
1,08·10-4 |
Co(OH)2, ɪɨɡɨɜ.ɫɜɟɠ. |
|
1,59·10-15 |
1,59·10-15 |
7,35·10-6 |
6,83·10-5 |
Co(OH)2, ɪɨɡɨɜ.ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɬɚɪ. |
|
2,00·10-16 |
2,00·10-16 |
3,68·10-6 |
3,42·10-5 |
Co(OH)3 |
|
1,00·10-43 |
1,00·10-43 |
7,80·10-12 |
8,58·10-11 |
Cr(OH)3 |
|
6,31·10-31 |
6,31·10-31 |
1,24·10-8 |
1,27·10-7 |
Fe(OH)2* |
|
7,94·10-16 |
7,94·10-16 |
1,05·10-5 |
9,45·10-5 |
Fe(OH)3* |
|
3,72·10-40 |
3,72·10-40 |
1,80·10-9 |
1,93·10-8 |
Hg2(OH)2 (Hg2O) |
|
1,60·10-23 |
1,60·10-23 |
1,59·10-8 |
6,92·10-7 |
Hg(OH)2 (HgO) |
|
3,0·10-26 |
3,0·10-26 |
1,95·10-8 |
4,57·10-7 |